智能障礙者老化對健康與未來照護需求之影響

The Effects of Individual Aging toward Health and Future Care for People with Intellectual Disabilities

隨著醫療科技的進步與生活環境的改善，在一般老年人口呈現老化的趨勢下，智能障礙者也呈現相同的情形，但在老化速度與過程經歷上與一般老年人口卻是不同的。根據衛生福利部統計處指出，在2004年時，共有10,593位45歲以上智能障礙者，約佔所有智能障礙者人口的12.9％；在2013年時，共有15,490位45歲以上智能障礙者，約佔所有智能障礙者人口的15.7％，由此可看出台灣的智能障礙者老化人口在這十年間有增加的趨勢。現今有不少智能障礙者邁入較高齡的階段，然而有關其老化特質與需求，是近年我們所必須注重與關心的議題。因此本研究嘗試以文獻回顧的方式來了解智能障礙者老化對其身體健康的影響，以提供促進智能障礙者健康老化的方案。研究方法為檢索1995年至2014年之國內外相關文獻，搜索出符合關鍵字的中英文文章後，符合本研究之相關文獻納入研究。最後將「好的身體健康」定義為三個面向做文獻回顧，發現在個人因素和環境的阻礙或促進因素對其健康行為有深遠影響。提升智能障礙者健康可以藉由鼓勵參與運動計畫的做法和政策來解決，及預防久坐的生活方式來促進身體活動，並應將這些計畫方案落實於老年智能障礙者的日常生活中，並給予支持和關懷。

With the medical and environmental improvement, the aging phenomenon of individuals with intellectual disabilities is as same as the general population. However, the aging speed and process of people with intellectual disabilities will be the spotlight and needed to pay much attention in health care policy. The aims of the present paper is to explore the health and social needs of aging people with intellectual disabilities based on current literature reviews (year of 1995 to 2014). We discuss the main context based on scholar Haveman M. et al. 'Major health risks in aging persons with intellectual disabilities', and explore their possible solutions of 'good physical health'. Finally, this paper highlights we should increase the participation of healthy lifestyle among people with intellectual disabilities, and put health promotion initiatives as daily living agenda among this population.