以生命週期觀點建構教學大樓建築之維護成本預測模型

Maintenance Cost Prediction Model for University Buildings-Life Cycle Perspective

學校建築已逐漸步入高齡化階段，且建築物的維護成本會隨著屋齡遞增而增加，但檢視公部門或營繕單位迄今仍缺乏完整統一的預算編列與分配基準；然而在主管機關「教育部」的財政預算日漸萎縮，對於各級學校的補助款已逐年遞減，恐無法完全仰賴「教育部」的經費挹注，必須面臨自負盈虧或自行編列的狀況。因此，如何在有限的預算下，尋找出關鍵維護項目，進而控管大宗維護金額花費，乃為本研究探討的重要課題。而以生命週期成本觀點分析教學大樓的維護成本儼然相當重要，然而因為歷史資料難以蒐集且多不完整，少有研究能提出具體案例與數據資料作為佐證與分析；因此，本研究乃詳實記錄並完整蒐集台灣大學教學大樓起自1965年迄至2011年共計47年的歷史維護修繕資料，目的在於探討分析教學大樓的生命週期成本、建構維護成本預測模型、規劃預算編列與分配基準。並將研究成果回饋至工程實務的操作應用，訂定預算編列與分配基準，可改善以往沿用一般傳統經驗法則的判斷方式，避免發生預算不足或浮編預算的缺點，在工程實務的決策上將更適合學校建築營繕單位之應用與參考。

School buildings are aging, and the costs of maintaining them increase as buildings age. Currently, public sectors and construction and maintenance sectors have not developed comprehensive and consistent standards for budget arrangement and distribution. Based on the notion that precaution is better than cure, the maintenance and management of buildings has been increasingly emphasized. However, the reduced budget of the Ministry of Education has resulted in lower subsidiaries provided to every school. In addition to the reduced funding from the Ministry of Education, schools must consider profit and loss risks, and obtain funding themselves. Therefore, this study explores how schools identify key maintenance items and control maintenance costs within limited budgets. Life cycle cost analysis for buildings has been studied by researchers in recent years; therefore, how to analyze the maintenance cost of university buildings based on the life cycle costs is essential. However, difficulties raised from lack of completed maintenance records. Few studies can provide practical cases and historical data for quantified analyses. For this study, we referenced 47 years of maintenance records of the university buildings of the National Taiwan University from 1965 to 2011. The purposes of this study were to investigate and analyze the life cycle costs, the maintenance cost prediction model, and the budget arrangement and distribution standards for university buildings to provide the construction and maintenance division of the university with more effective methods for managing university buildings.