美國特許學校經營與成效之研究

A Study on the Outcomes of Charter Schools in the United States

特許學校之設立目標，乃在試圖鬆綁僵化的教育體制，以營造具有競爭力之組織。本文試從歷年國內外相關研究，檢視分析美國特許學校之經營成效與相關爭議。研究發現特許學校之出現，確實對於傳統公立學校產生衝擊，特許學校在學生學術成就表現上，也大多較傳統公立學校為佳。整體而言，針對特許學校學生學習成就之分析，多數研究結果顯示雖然大部分特許學校經費較為不足，卻仍可創建較高的學生學業成就。此外，部分結果則發現在較低之年級，特許學校學生表現會產生更為顯著之進步。在未來研究中，研究方法與設計的改進乃是當務之急，以能系統性了解特許學校在教育運作中之影響。

The introduction of charter schools into the education system was mainly for improving school outcomes through deregulation with more flexibility and competition. This study presents the empirical evidence of the performances of charter schools on student and school outcomes in the United States by examining a broad array of literature and researches. It is found that the emergence of charter schools has brought about noticeable impact on traditional public schools, although not consistently. Research findings on charter schools and their impact on student achievement are mixed while several studies provide some evidences that charter schools improve student achievement in the early grades. Improvement on methodology is needed to examine the charter school impacts in future studies.