茶花粉經Aspergillus niger發酵之酵素活性與抗氧化活性評估

Enzymatic Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Tea Pollen is Fermentated by ＂Aspergillus Niger＂

花粉是一種常流傳於民間的食用藥物，也廣泛被用於健康之補助食品。台灣花粉產量大宗是茶花粉，但花粉往往有厚實的外壁影響吸收，因此本研究探討A. niger BCRC 32073分泌的胞外酵素種類，再分析藉由A. niger固態發酵（SSF）或液態發酵（SmF）茶花粉後之酵素作用及抗氧化活性表現。實驗結果顯示A. niger BCRC 32073能分泌產生脂解酶（lipase）、蛋白酶（protease）及纖維酶（cellulase）和半纖維酶（hemicellulase）。纖維素酶包含CMCase及Avicelase；半纖維酶則包含xylanase。進一步利用A. niger發酵不同濃度的花粉檢體於固態發酵及液態發酵下觀察酵素活性發現，固態發酵以加等量的水分、液體發酵則以10倍及15倍水含量發酵之各酵素活性表現最佳。抗氧化活性則以10倍水含量之液態花粉發酵液表現最佳。

The bee pollen is usually used as a folk medicine, and is a good nutritional supplement with beneficial effect of improving health. Tea pollen is one of the main staples of bee-collected pollen grains in Taiwan. Nevertheless, it is to influence the absorption as a result of the pollen envelope. The purpose of the study was to investigate the extracellular enzymes secreted by the fungus Aspergillus niger BCRC32073. And it is evaluation of the enzyme activity and antioxidant properties for tea pollen was fermentation by A.niger BCRC32073 in solid-substrate fermentation （SSF） and submerged fermentation （SmF）. First, the fungus A. niger can produce multiple extracellular enzymes, such as lipase, protease, cellulose and hemicellulose. The cellulase has CMCase and Avicelase. And hemicellulase has xylanase .The best enzymatic activity are tea pollen added equal volume of water for SSF, and 10 times or 15 times water for SmF. Furthermore, the analysis of the greatest antioxidant ability is 10 times water is added to tea pollen for SmF.