環境管制約束下企業管制反應行為之研究

A Study on the Reactive Behavior of Corporate Governance under the Constraint of Environmental Regulation

環境資源對社會的長期發展具有極重要的作用，但對企業個體或消費者等「微觀」經濟主體而言產生認知上的差異，儘管消費者終是成為環境惡化的實際受害者。因此在缺乏有效的環境管制約束下，經濟主體的個人利益行為就會於決策中佔據優勢。在台灣經濟發展中扮演著舉足輕重角色之工業園區，乃至於科學園區，其自詡為低污染甚至無污染的工業，仍持續出現的環境衝突事件及污染問題，於傳統工業區及重工業區更是屢屢發生。代表政府提出之環境管制約束與企業行為決策，於個體與公共環境利益認知、激勵性管制與放鬆管制執行上的落差。本研究重點於探討企業者面對多元的環境管制下，其企業與相關環境管制利害關係人間產生之反應行為意向研究。研究設計則整合Stern（2000）提出負責任環境行為模式之「價值信念規範理論（value-belief-norm theory, VBN）」，加入主觀規範（subjective norm）、行為控制知覺（perceived behavioralcontrol）的觀念（Azjen, 1985）為架構建構整合模式，就企業環境管制認知與行為之探討，以南部、中部科學園區廠家為實證地區進行模式假設檢證與政策分析。研究結果顯示科學園區科技廠家對於環境管制約束的行為意向為正面認同，影響規範最大取決於行為控制信念，對於本身環境管制反應的技術、專業知識能力。研究結果得以作為政府未來管制獎勵政策研擬與因應廠家自發性行為的管理機制之決策參考。

The environmental resources play a very important role in the long-term development of the society, but cognitive difference occurs in ＂microeconomic＂ agents such as business entities or consumers, though the consumers are eventually the victims of environmental degradation. Therefore, in the absence of effective control of environmental regulation, the personal interest-related behaviors of economic agents will be dominant in decision making. In the industrial parks or science parks that play a crucial role in the economic development of Taiwan and boast of low-pollution or even pollution-free industry, environmental conflicts and pollution never stop occurring; and such events are more frequent in traditional industrial parks and heavy industrial parks, which indicates the gap between the control of environmental regulation proposed by the government and the decision of corporate behaviors and the personal and public cognition of environmental interest, the incentive-related regulation and the implementation of deregulation. This study focuses on the reactive behavior tendency between the enterprises and related interested parties of environmental regulation when the enterprises are facing multiple environmental regulations. The research design integrates the value-belief-norm theory, VBN of the responsible environmental behavior model proposed by Stern (2000), with the concept of subjective norm and perceived behavioral control (Azjen, 1985) as the framework to construct the integrated model and discusses the cognition and behaviors of environmental regulation among the enterprises, taking the manufacturers of science parks in Southern and Central Taiwan as the study subject to perform model hypothesis verification and policy analysis. The results of the study indicate that the hi-tech manufacturers in the science parks positively agree with the behavior tendency under the environmental regulation control. The influence of the regulation depends on the behavioral control belief to the largest extent, the technical and professional knowledge of the environmental regulation reaction itself. The results of the research may serve as reference for formulating regulation and incentive policies by the government in the future according to the decisions made under the spontaneous behaviors of the manufacturers.