群體支援系統於共同應用設計之實證研究

An Empirical Study of Group Support Systems on Joint Application Design

現代的企業處於一個競爭激烈的環境中，如何將資訊科技快速而適當的引進組織內已成為企業所面臨的一大考驗。針對系統發展期間需求定義階段的問題，Chuck Morris 提出共同應用設計(Joint Application Design/Joint Application Development；JAD)之高度結構化會議方法。但在傳統JAD 會議中仍有與一般會議相同之問題存在，例如與會者的參與度不相同、無法同時發言等問題。近幾年來，隨著科技的進展與學者們的研究，促使群體支援系統(Group Support Systems；GSS)由理論走向實際。透過GSS 能夠協助與會者更完整、正確表達自己意見，並能去除彼此間認知上的差距與化解衝突方面的特性，正好可以彌補傳統JAD 會議之不足。本研究即以某國立大學16 個系所之所務人事資訊系統畫面為議題，針對以GSS 輔助之JAD 會議是否能夠提升使用者需求中之畫面設計會議的會議績效進行實證研究。研究結果指出，經由GSS 所輔助之JAD 會議，在會議進行的過程當中確實能提高與會使用者對於會議過程的滿意度。在使用者的平等參與度方面，傳統的JAD 會議提供了使用者一個較為平等參與的會議環境。至於在會議所產生的方案數、使用者對於會議結果的滿意度與認知決策品質等方面，本研究則未發現透過GSS 所輔助的JAD 會議能夠達到預期的成果。

Business organizations, situated in a very competitive environment, have been challenged for their ability to adopt the progress of information technology (IT) in a rapid and appropriate manner. In response to the issue of defining stages of user requirements for systems development, Chuck Morris proposed a Joint Application Design/Development (JAD) method in 1977. JAD is a highly structured meeting approach to approach consensus of participants. This method, nonetheless, has left unsolved problems such as differences in members’ participation and the difficulty for members to speak at the same time. In recent years, the advances of IT have made it possible to use Group Support Systems (GSS) improving the efficicacy of JAD. With the use of GSS, members of a meeting not only could express themselves more precisely and comprehensively but also could eliminate mutual misunderstandings and resolve mutual conflicts. GSS, in other words, could remedy the inadequacy of a JAD conference. In view of such a sound progress of IT, this study examined the impacts of GSS on JAD. A total of sixteen departments of a major university joined in this study. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether, in terms of the screen designed on the basis of user requirement, a JAD conference supported by GSS could make the meeting more effective. As this study has disclosed, a JAD-GSS conference increases its participants' satisfaction of decision scheme in the process of discussion. Traditional JAD conference, however, provides its participants a better chance of equal participation. In addition, judged by the number of alternatives available during the meeting, participants' satisfaction of decision, and perceived decision quality, there is no evidence that the JAD-GSS approach could reach its expected goals.