韓國中小學教科書制度探析

School Textbook Policy and System in Korea

本文旨在探討韓國中小學教科書制度之演變、現況，並析論其特色與問題。藉由文件與文獻分析，研究發現韓國中小學教科書制度具有下列特色：（一）採國定、審定與認定三軌並存，過去偏重國定制，現逐漸偏重認定制；（二）因應不同教育階段之屬性與需求，國小以國定制為主，國高中以審定制為主，專門高中則以認定及國定制為主；（三）政府主動介入教科書定價並採低價政策；（四）近來大力推動數位教科書以營造適性學習環境。但隨著認定制的快速發展、教科書價格自由化以及數位教科書的如火如荼推動，其教科書制度也面對若干問題：（一）認定教科書成長過快，品質出現疑慮；（二）教科書價格自由化後，書價節節攀升；（三）歷史審定教科書內容因意識型態之爭，屢引發爭議；（四）數位教科書成效未如預期，如何提升教師接受度並促進教學尚待努力。

The aims of this study were to investigate the evolution and current situation system of school textbooks in Korea as well as analyze its characteristics and problems. Using documentary analysis and literature review, this study found the following features in Korean’s school textbook system: (a) a coexisting centralized textbook publishing system, review system, and approval system that coexist as well as a shift from the centralized textbook system to the approval system; (b) to deal with the different characteristics of and needs in each stage of education, elementary school textbooks are determined primarily by the national government, in secondary education, they are determined by the review system, and textbooks used in vocational education are determined primarily by approval system and the national government; (c) government is involved in textbook pricing, buying the least expensive textbooks; (d) the government has been promoting digital textbook policy in recent years. Of course, some challenges and problems need to be resolved. They are (a) as approve system has been developing too fast, textbook quality concerns have been raised; (b) after textbook price liberalization, textbook prices have risen sharply; (c) due to different ideologies, the content of history textbooks have repeatedly sparked controversy; (d) since digital textbooks have not been as effectiveness as expected, more effort is needed to enhance teacher acceptance and to promote effective teaching of digital textbooks.