失業對策與福利國家：凱因斯的觀點

Unemployment Solutions and Welfare States: From the Perspective of Keynes

自一九二九年經濟大恐慌以後，就業與失業的政策均為各國所重視，計畫經濟與自由放任主義的辯論聲不絕於耳，但隨著九○年代全球化的影響，使得無論是老左派或是新右派，對於失業問題均無法做有效的控制，尤其凱因斯影響所及的美國新政距今也已數十年，其所形構大政府的局面也早已由新自由主義所打破，但凱因斯所提的概念，如充分就業、解決風險問題與重分配制度是否也全然不適用於現今社會？本文主要透過凱因斯對於計畫經濟下的就業政策論述，即透過一些方法增加政府資金以從事擴大就業，並初探凱因斯與福利國家的關係，以檢視台灣解決失業問題的方式並提供建議。

Employment and unemployment issues have been the focal point of policy makers in all nations every since the Great Depression in 1929. There have been continuous debates between free market and planned economy supporters, but the impact of globalization in the 90s has left neither conservatists nor liberals with a solution to unemployment problems. Decades have passed since Roosevelt’s Keynesian influenced New Deal, with neoliberalism taking place of the big government, yet does that mean concepts of the Keynesian theory, such as full employment, uncertainty reduction, and wealth redistribution, are no longer appropriate for today’s society? The objective of this thesis is to investigate Taiwan’s approach to solving unemployment issues and offer propositions by using Keynesian employment policies, which find means to increase government funds in order to expand employment, and examining the relationship between Keynes and welfare states.