一位視覺障礙大學生從長期人際困擾中成功適應之經驗分析─由小空間走向大世界的路程

The Way from a Little Room to a Big World: The Experiences of Successful Adaptation with Chronic Interpersonal Problems from a College Student with Visual Impairments.

由相關研究及實務經驗發現，身心障礙學生在進入大學後，受人際關係的影響甚大，若遭遇長期人際困擾，在許多方面的發展容易受到阻礙。然而，針對長期人際困擾之處遇不易，身心障礙大學生若能由此成功適應則其經驗更加珍貴，對身心障礙大學生本身以及諮商輔導工作者皆別具啟發意義。本研究參與者為自小學起至大學持續經驗人際困擾的視覺障礙大學生，至大二後其人際困擾已明顯改善。本研究採現象學取向，透過深度訪談收集參與者的人際困擾及人際困擾轉變歷程與重要因素之經驗材料，謄錄成文本後以主題分析法進行分析。研究發現：（1）參與者成功適應的過程，經歷三階段：「視障帶來人際傷害─視障是傷害、因差異而自卑退縮」、「朝向獨立卻感受孤單─視障是須承擔的苦、設法減少差異」、「接納自己而勇敢拓展新世界─接納視障為自己的一部分、體認自身獨特優勢」，各個階段分別含二到三個主題及其次主題。貫串於三階段且明顯發生轉變的核心成分，是研究參與者對「視障」的態度及對「差異」的觀點。（2）參與者所知覺成功適應之重要促成因素有四項：「從親身經驗中發現與肯定自身優勢」、「勇於在眾人面前現身累積正面感受」、「家人師長持續支持與鼓勵」，以及「參加視障團體使世界繼續開闊」。最後，根據本研究之發現，提出對實務工作及未來研究之建議。

According to studies and clinical experiences， college students with disabilities often encountered interpersonal problems， some of which were even chronic and not easy to solve. However， cases of successful adaptation， though few， did exist. To effectively help college students with disabilities suffering from chronic interpersonal problems and to find useful informations which can be integrated into counseling models for repetitive maladaptive interpersonal patterns， this research deeply investigated the successful adaptation experience of a visual impaired college student， who had been suffering from interpersonal problems since he was a child. The participant’s experience were collected via in-depth interviews and the text was analyzed by adopting steps of phenomenological method. The findings of this study were as followed: Firstly， the process of the participant’s successful adaptation was analyzed into 3 phases， and each had 2 or 3 themes together with sub-themes. Secondly， the participant’s perspectives about visual impairment and about the difference from others were the core components through all three phases and converted phase by phase. Lastly， 4 main contributors the participant perceived about his successful adaptation were found. At the end of this study， some implications for practice and for research were discussed based on the findings.