不同文化中幼兒創造力、人物畫與自由繪畫表現之探討

Analysis and Study of Children's Creativity and Abilities of People and Free Drawings in Different Culture

本研究旨在探討不同文化區域、性別之五~六歲幼兒創造力、人物繪畫及自由繪畫能力表現，以五至六歲的美國、臺灣都會地區及臺灣山地原住民幼兒共計125名受試者所繪作品為研究樣本，採以量輔質方式進行分析。結果表明：\r一、在創造力繪畫活動表現上，美國幼兒童在創造思考的整體表現及獨創力上優於臺灣都會地區幼兒。質性內容分析上發現美國兒童多以完整句子來形容自己所畫的作品，而臺灣都會地區及山地原住民兒童通常使用一個名詞來表達。二、在人物繪畫活動表現上，不同文化區域的幼兒在人物繪畫活動中的畫中均未達顯著差異。女生組幼兒在人物基本結構描繪優於男生組幼兒並達顯著差異。三、在自由繪畫活動表現上，臺灣都會地區幼兒和對於圖像構圖表現，較臺灣山地原住民幼兒佳。女生組兒童在圖像構圖表現顯著高於男生組兒童。質性內容分析發現在自由繪畫活動時，許多兒童會在畫中輔以文字說明。四、本研究結果顯示受式樣本在創造思考、人物描繪及其自由繪畫上呈現顯著性正相關。最後，研究者根據本研究的發現與結論，提出討論與建議，冀望能提供給教師、家長和學校單位及後續研究者新的思維。

The main purpose of this study is to understand the creativity and the abilities of people and free drawings of children around 5~6 years old， with different gender， and from different area. The subjects of this study include the American and Taiwanese city children as well as Taiwanese indigenous mountain children with total of 125 subjects. The quantitative related statistics tests as well as the qualitative content analyses are employed for the data analysis. The main findings are as follows:1. In the Creativity Picture Drawing Activity， the American children have the significant high score on the subscale of originality of the Creativity Picture Drawing Activity than the Taiwanese city children. The content analysis shows that many American subjects use the sentence to describe their drawings while many Taiwanese indigenous mountain subjects use the words to describe their drawings. 2. In the people drawing activity， no significant difference are found among those three groups. The girl group has significant higher score than the boy group on the drawing ability of people structure and elaboration. 3. In the free drawing activity， the Taiwanese city children scored significantly higher than the group of Taiwanese indigenous mountain children on the picture fullness of free drawing. The finding shows that the girl group has significant higher score than the boy group on the ability of free drawing. The content analysis show that many children like to use word to describe their drawings. 4. The results show that the children creativity and the abilities of people drawing and free drawing are positive correlated significantly.In the end， the researcher makes the conclusion and provides suggestions based on the findings of this study to the teachers， parents， school s and the following researchers.