不同類型家庭暴力事件成因及特性之研究

The Research on Causes and Characteristics of Different Domestic Violence Events

過去學術研究大多將焦點聚集於婚姻暴力或是兒少受虐等二類，鮮少學者關注老人受虐的研究，且少有學者同時針對此三大類型進行觀察與研究，致使吾人迄今對於家庭暴力事件特性以及各類型家庭暴力事件之差異性瞭解相當有限。為瞭解各類型家庭暴力之成因與特性，本研究以2008至2010年間各縣市警察局的家庭暴力事件調查紀錄表，共計53,937件進行內容分析，另輔以從司法院判決書資料庫中，搜尋發生於2009至2011年的家庭暴力案件判決書，共計450筆進行比較分析。期能藉由上述2筆資料，瞭解各類型家庭暴力事件之特性及其差異性，期待能讓吾人對於我國家庭暴力事件之成因及特性有一概括的認識，並作為未來家庭暴力防治政策推動之參考。研究結果發現，物質濫用於家庭暴力事件中十分常見，其中酗酒情形不分案件類別均為九成左右，而施用毒品則以老人受虐加害人比率較高；發生情境主要為雙方爭吵、酒後有醉意及被害人拒絕加害人要求，各類別較為明顯的因素則是婚姻暴力中的感情問題、兒少受虐中的教養問題以及老人受虐中的財務問題。整體而言，不同家庭暴力案件特性確實存在諸多差異性。然而迄今政府在家庭暴力的防治作為，過度偏重婚姻暴力防治政策，而較不關注其它案件類型，建議未來亦應關注其它案件類型的防治政策制訂與推動，才能發揮整體預防效果。

In the past, more research focused on marital violence and child abuse issues than on elderly abuse issue. Furthermore, there is very few research focused on these three issues at the same time in a single research. Accordingly, the understanding of features of domestic violence and variations among different types of domestic violence is limited. In order to explore the causes and characteristics of different types of domestic violence, this study collects data from two sources of database. One includes 53,937 domestic violence incident investigation records from all county and city police departments in Taiwan through the year 2008 to 2010, and another includes 450 domestic violence incidents’ verdicts from 2009 to 2011. Through analysis of these two data, this study reveals a description of the causes and characteristics of domestic violence in Taiwan. The revealed description is a functional reference for implementing domestic violence prevention policies. Findings are as follow, substance abuse is very common in domestic violence cases, and 90% of cases show alcoholic perpetrators involved. Elder abuse cases involve highly proportioned perpetrators with drug addiction. The occurring situation of domestic violence primarily includes dispute, drunkenness and perpetrator’s requirement rejected by victim. Emotional problem is the main cause for marital violence, upbringing problem is the main cause for child abuse, and finance problem is the main cause for elder abuse. In general, there are many variations existed among different types of domestic violence. However, government’s policy is leaned heavily toward marital violence. This research suggests the effectiveness of domestic violence prevention policy will be improved if government pays more attention and resources on child and elder abuse issues.