創業家傾向對小型零售商的動態能力與績效之影響

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Proclivity on Small Retailer's Dynamic Capabilities and Its Performance

許多研究者認為創業家精神與動態能力是經營企業的關鍵成功因素。然而，探討創業家傾向、動態能力、與績效之間的關係之研究仍不多見。本研究旨在探討動態能力在創業家傾向與績效之間所扮演的角色。小型零售商是創業性小企業的典型例子，從中可觀察創業家傾向與動態能力在激烈競爭中的角色。因此，本研究選擇便利商店作為研究樣本。為了避免機構特質的影響，本研究選擇同一加盟系統的便利商店，以叢式抽樣法調查位於高屏地區的7-11超商。高雄市為都會區的縮影、而屏東縣是工業化程度較低的地區，兩者分別具備城市與鄉村的屬性，可代表台灣地區的競爭環境。問卷發給店長或店經理填寫，本研究共回收108份有效問卷。結果顯示：創業家傾向與動態能力有助於零售店的績效。本研究也發現創業家傾向能提升動態能力。不過，跟創業家傾向相比，動態能力對績效的影響力更高，故動態能力具有完全中介的效果。研究結果意味著店經理的創業家傾向最好先轉換或發展為公司的能力，如此較能正向影響績效。

Many researchers suggest that entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities are key successful factors to run a business. However， there are few studies explore the relationships among entrepreneurial proclivity， dynamic capabilities， and performance. This study aimed to explore the role of dynamic capabilities in the relationship between entrepreneurial proclivity and performance. Retail stores are good examples of entrepreneurial small businesses. It is also able to observe the role of dynamic capabilities because of the fierce competition. Therefore， this study selected convenience stores as research samples. To avoid the impact of institutional characteristics， the study chose those convenience stores belonging to the same franchise system. This study adopted area cluster sampling and selected 7-11 convenience stores in Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas. The main reason is that Kaohsiung is a metropolis and Pingtung is a less industrialized city. These two cities covered city and township property and can represent the Taiwanese competition environment. Questionnaires are sent to store owner or supervisor in order to collect data. This study collected 108 samples. The results show that both the entrepreneurial proclivity and dynamic capabilities can enhance store’s performance. This research also found that entrepreneurial proclivity can improve dynamic capabilities. However， to compare with entrepreneurial proclivity， the dynamic capabilities play the more important role on performance. Besides， the study found that the dynamic capabilities possess full mediation effect between entrepreneurial proclivity and performance. This result implies that owner’s entrepreneurial proclivity is better to convert to or develop to firm’s capabilities， so that the entrepreneurial proclivity will more likely have positively influence on performance.