托育機構教學設施及公共安全標準的探討

Comparisons of the different standards in the teaching equipment and public safety of the public and private kindergartens

在各縣市教育局評鑑項目中，在教學設施與公共安全部分共分為園地面積與園舍建築、教學規劃理念與空閩、教學設施與使用管理、公共安全共四大評鑑重點，是教育部提供各縣市幼稚園評鑑所應涵蓋的四大項目，也訂定各縣市幼稚園評鑑在教學設備及公共安全的比重占30%。內容細項更各縣市不同而有極大的差距，評鑑標準的項目數量上、或者內容比重，皆出現許多差異，評分的標準的等級有些有列出有些則含糊不清，由於授權給地方自定評鑑細項，檢視評鑑報告卻發現各地評鑑標準嚴苛不一，因此我們有興趣將各縣市教育局，包括新竹市、台中市、嘉義縣、高雄市、台南市、高雄縣、屏東縣、屏東市等八大縣市教育局在評鑑教學設施與公共安全部分的項目數量上、或者內容比重互相作一比較。我們發現各縣市所規定的項目差異頗大，從15至47項不等。其中以南部地區如台南市、高雄縣、屏東縣、屏東市所列細項較北部地區為多。高雄縣、屏東縣、屏東市則屬教學設備及公共安全評鑑項目內容較為詳實者，其內容不僅僅訂出提綱契領的重點也給予幼稚園詳細的說明與標準。其中明例列出細項分為最嚴謹且提出細目及要點則莫過於高雄縣，但惟對學童用車並無規範。反之，高雄市評鑑細項過於簡化，也無對細項內容加以說明，卻在娃娃車管理方面是南區縣市中惟一有規劃的。台中市評鑑單項如美化，並能提供幼兒植栽區'單項得分比率頗高，顯示地方政府可因地域不同而項目得分不一致，凸顯出所注重之處。台南市的評鑑細項內容著重於幼兒生理照護上，新竹市著重於課程中將衛生教育、保健活動、幼兒安全等自我保護融入於課程活動設計教案中。我們建議教育部除了提供各縣市幼稚園評鑑所應涵蓋的四大項目及其比重之外，是否能進一步提出細目及要點，也給予幼稚園詳細的說明與標準。雖不致於鉅細靡遺，但有一定的規範，避免評鑑標準嚴苛不一，因此實際執行時，各縣市不論在評鑑標準的項目數量上、或者內容比重，將差異降至最低。至於地方政府可困地域不同而凸顯出所注重之項目，便可以細項附加於教學設施及公共安全其它的措施。

The accident may occur any time in many kindergartens. Although the four identify items of public security have been established, quality of public security can certainly be declined in recent years. The four identify items contains building, environment management, teaching equipment and equipment safety, but every county government has the different standards in these identify items. Therefore, our objective was to assess the differences of the teaching equipment and public safety in the identify items standards for eight county governments. We assess the safety of indoor and outdoor spaces using the safety identify items. Using the outdoor identify items for the yard and the neighborhood playground used by the children. These results suggest that all of the eight county governments can provide a safe environment to prevent and reduce injuries in the building identify items. Two of the eight county governments can promote good health and nutrition and provide an environment that contributes to the prevention illness. Seven of the eight county governments provide a variety of equipment, activities, and opportunities to promote the physical development of children in the equipment safety identify items. However, identify items that need government's attention and the precautions that can take to improve the safety of indoor and outdoor areas. It is our sincere hope that government acquires new option that will allow child care providers to offer children the highest quality of care.