美國學區集體協商機制與議題之研究：公共部門勞資關係之觀點

The Mechanism and Issues of Collective Bargaining of School Districts in the U.S.A.: A Study from the Perspective of Labor- Management Relations in Public Sector

我國教師工會即將合法化，未來教師工會與政府機關進行集體協商以決定相關教師勞動條件，將如同英、美等先進國家一般，成為教育部門人力資源管理的常態。惟我國團體協約法並未針對協商機制及議題予以明確規範，且我國公共部門除公營事業外，並無進行集體協商暨簽署團體協約之先例。為減少未來教育部門集體協商之衝突，促進集體協商之良性運作，本研究嘗試運用系統性之概念架構，透過公共部門勞資關係的觀點，分析美國學區集體協商機制及議題之內涵，以提供我國政府研擬教育部門相關配套法制規範之參考。本研究之結論指出：美國學區集體協商機制呈現自願化及法制化的趨勢，教師工會集體協商地位鞏固，協商範圍則以經濟性及行政性議題為主要內涵。

Teachers unions of Taiwan is about to legalize and the collective bargaining between teachers unions and government agencies for labor standards of teachers in the future will become the normal process of human resource management in education sector. However, there is no explicit regulation for the mechanism and issues of collective bargaining in 'Collective Agreement Act' of Taiwan and in addition to public enterprises, public sector didn't carry on collective bargaining and sign the collective agreement. Therefore, for decreasing conflicts and promoting positive operation of collective bargaining in education sector, the purpose of this study is to analyze the experience of collective bargaining of the school districts in U.S.A., by using the systematic analysis framework, through the perspective of labor-management relations in public sector. Finally, this study expects to make policy recommendations about the mechanism and issues of collective bargaining to government for policy formulation of education sector in future. The conclusion of this study points out: (1) The mechanism of collective bargaining of school districts in U.S.A. presents the trend of voluntary action and legalism. (2) The status of teachers unions in collective bargaining is very consolidation. (3) The main contents of bargaining scope in school districts are economic and administrative issues.