以房養老促進高齡者照護品質之研究－－以「附負擔捐贈」為例

A study to the housing endowment to promote the quality of care of the elderly－Take an example: conditional donation

台灣因高齡與少子化雙重趨勢，對於高齡者照護品質有關的社會福利與資源等影響甚鉅，也將成為未來50 年重要課題之一。近年台灣產官學針對「以房養老」模型與框架有多元討論，分為經濟與照顧兩種型態，前者通常使用年金或借貸，後者則利用社會資源整合。兩者之間相似點有：年老屋主、資產因素不符社會救助資格、不動產淨值高於照護成本等等。這些屋主也可以透過不動產有條件捐贈換取被照護。透過探討「E基金會」與「K 老先生」於2004 年簽訂「附負擔捐贈」案例，運用物業管理的概念，整理出八項成功關鍵因素如：法院公證兩方權利與義務、專案管理與品質控制等等。七項執行問題如：社會福利組織無法對不動產進行融資、銀行保險業的態度、資產鑑價精準性等等。並做出四點結論：「附負擔捐贈」可成為「以房養老」選項之一、不動產應做一次全部捐贈、不動產鑑價過程與風險應由金融保險業承接、設置專責服務與諮詢機構等。並提出三項建議如：服務品質與效度方面須再提出更多例證、社會部門應主導整合、產業應提供更多元的實務參與。以上可供有意了解「以房養老」者參考。

Taiwan, due to the twin trends of the aging population and low birth rate, the huge impact of the quality of care of the elderly social welfare resources, will also become one of the important topics of the next 50 years. In recent years, Taiwan's industry, government and academics for diverse discussion to model and framework of the Housing Endowment. More to the Economy and Care of two types, the former usually use the annuity or loan, the latter use of social resources integration. The similarities between the two factors, such as elderly homeowners with assets cannot meet the social assistance eligibility, real estate net above care costs. These homeowners also can be through Real Estate conditional donation exchange care. Through explore 'E Foundations' and 'K elderly homeowners' in 2004 entered into a conditional donation case. Sorting out the eight Key Success Factors such as: The court notarized the rights and obligations of the two parties, Project management and quality control…etc. Seven implementation issues such as: Social welfare organization is not on the real estate financing, Bank Insurance attitude, Asset appraiser accuracy…etc. And make four conclusions: Conditional donation could be one option to the Housing Endowment, Real estate should be done all at once donated, Real estate appraisal process and risk the financial and insurance industry should undertake, Set of dedicated service and consulting organizations. With three recommendations, such as: Service quality and validity shall be made more illustration, Social sector-led integration, The industry should provide more substantive participation.