售屋與購屋資訊不對稱下交屋驗收相關表單之功能與製作..以預售屋興建完成後之成屋為例

The function and manufacture of the trade house’s check list under asymmetric information between home sales and housing – taking an example: pre-sale house

台灣於 1960 年代首創房屋預售制度，於現今全球的不動產交易市場中，實屬異數。惟在此預售制度下，交屋後、買賣雙方卻時常出現交易糾紛。如：房屋漏水問題、隱瞞重要資訊、施工瑕疵、坪數不足、滲、漏水問題、停車位有無使用權、公設面積問題、廣告平面圖卻與核准的施工平面圖不相符、廣告不實、建材設備不符、相關稅費爭議問題、款項支付問題、貸款事宜問題、房屋面積計算的界限問題、房屋的「公設」面積問題、房屋面積誤差的爭議問題…等。深究其主因乃在於購屋者在房屋買賣過程中、實處於資訊不對稱的局勢中所致；他們亟需相關的輔助資訊、以順利完成房屋交易。有鑑於此，本研究擬定以下三個研究目的：（1）研擬「交屋驗收相關表單」，以減少「售屋者」與「購屋者」於交屋後之相關消費糾紛與爭議；（2）運用CAD 軟體，並以「牆心」、「柱心」二種方法試算公寓大廈之「公設比」；（3）針對建設公司、建築師、地政士、仲介業者、購屋民眾及其他民間相關機構或政府部門等進行訪談，以了解他們對於上述二項成果之意見與建議。本研究所採取的研究方法為文獻回顧、深度訪談、及內容分析。

Taiwan has first created the 'housing presale system' in the 60s which is considered unique in the global real estate markets. However, many problems or disputes have occurred between the sellers and buyers under the presale system, especially after the houses are turned over to the buyers. For examples, leakage problems, hiding important information, construction defects, floor area shortage, false advertisements, etc.. These problems resulted from the 'information asymmetry' situation on the buyer side in the housing transactions, and the buyers are in great need of various supporting information in order to handle the housing transaction properly. This study therefore intends to achieve the following three research objectives: (1) to establish a 'housing transaction inventory checklist' to reduce the disputes between the sellers and buyers, (2) to employ compute aided design (CAD) software to estimate the 'common facility ratio' in both the 'wall center' and 'column center' methods, and (3) to conduct in-depth interview on construction companies, architects, land administrators, brokers, homebuyers, and other relevant institutions or government agencies, in order to understand their opinions and suggests on the previous two research work. Research methods such as literature review, in-depth interview, and content analysis, are employed in this study.