「公民與政治權利國際公約」與「經濟、社會與文化權利國際公約」在我國最高法院與最高行政法院適用之研究

The Study on the Application to the ICCPR and the ICESCR of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court

締約國對於國際人權公約規範之實施，應全方面地在國內立法層面、行政執行層面及司法層面進行。法諺云：「有權利，必有救濟。」透過司法層面對於國際人權公約之實現，不僅是個人公約權利具體化之重要途徑，更是審視締約國對國際人權公約義務落實方式及程度的指標。本文之研究目的，係以國際法角度探究兩項人權公約之國內法化問題，以及其國內法化後在我國國內法之效力、位階及應如何適用與解釋之。另外，本文亦在探索相關兩項人權公約締約國國內法院適用該公約之經驗後，就我國批准上開公約迄今五年多期間，最高法院及最高行政法院適用兩項人權公約之案件予以分析，並基於此分析對於我國法院及檢察體系之司法機關人員應如何適用兩項人權公約及其他被國內法化的核心人權公約提出建議。

The Contracting Parties of international human rights conventions are obliged to enforce the norms provided by the conventions in all realms of governmental organs. As a motto goes ubi jus ibi remedium, a judicial remedy to the conventional rights is an important means of enforcement. Furthermore, the situations of the application of domestic courts to international human rights conventions reflect the degree of implementation of Contracting Parties' obligations directly. The objective of the article is to explore the issues and situations of Supreme Courts on the application and interpretation to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights which were just ratified by the R.O.C. Government on 14th May 2009. Concluding suggestions and observations are given for further implementation of the two Covenants by the two Supreme Courts.