國小資優生與一般生復原力保護因子之比較研究

A Comparative Study of Gifted Elementary School Students’ and Non-gifted Students’ Resilience Protective Factors

本研究之主要目的在了解國小資優生與一般生復原力保護因子之差異情形。研究者以叢集抽樣方式隨機抽取高雄市國小資優生與一般生共980名為對象，並採用王琡棻、盧台華與吳裕益（2011）編製具良好信效度的「兒童復原力保護因子量表」作為資料收集之工具。本研究主要發現有：1.國小資優生與一般生之復原力保護因子會因年級的不同而有顯著差異，且均有隨年級增長而逐漸下降之趨勢。2.在同年級之資優生與一般生之比較方面，三年級資優生在「父母資源」、「師長資源」與「自我效能」等層面之表現均顯著高於三年級一般生；然五年級一般生在「樂觀」分層面顯著高於五年級資優生；四與六年級則無顯著差異。3.就各年級資優生之比較方面，三年級資優生在「父母資源」、「師長資源」、「鄰居資源」、「自我效能」、「人際溝通能力」與「問題解決能力」等層面均顯著高於五、六年級資優生。4.就各年級一般生的復原力保護因子分析發現，三年級一般生在「鄰居資源」層面顯著高於六年級一般生；四年級一般生在「師長資源」、「鄰居資源」與「自我效能」等層面均顯著高於五年級一般生，且在「師長資源」與「鄰居資源」層面亦顯著高於六年級一般生。

This study examined the resilience protective factors of gifted and non-gifted elementary school students in Taiwan. All 980 students from 11 elementary schools responded to the Children’s Resilience Protective Factor Scale. Four main results were found. First， the results indicated that resilience protective factors showed a gradually declining trend in higher grades for both gifted and non-gifted elementary school students. Second， the gifted third graders reported greater parental resources， teacher resources， and selfefficacy than those who were non-gifted third graders. However， non-gifted fifth graders reported more optimism than those who were gifted fifth graders. There was no difference among gifted and non-gifted fourth and sixth graders. Third， among gifted students， third graders reported more parental resources， teacher resources， neighborhood resources， self-efficacy， interpersonal communication ability， and problem- solving ability than those who were the fifth and sixth graders. Fourth， among non-gifted students， third graders reported more neighborhood resources than sixth graders; fourth graders reported more teacher resources， neighborhood resources， and self-efficacy than fifth graders as well as reported more teacher resources and neighborhood resources than sixth graders.