道德社群之檢視：一所國中校園道德生活與氣氛之俗民誌研究

Examining Moral Community：Ethnography Research on Moral Life and Atmosphere in One Junior High School

本研究基於我國現階段校園倫理面臨衝擊與挑戰之際，期以公民社會與社區總體營造等理想，建構學校道德氣氛之願景-「道德社群」。另德育潛在課程向有其不容忽視之影響力，尤以我國國民中小學正值推動九年一貫課程之時，原採科目中心之德育課程勢將轉化為非正式課程或潛在課程，此種「由顯而隱」、「從點到面」之趨勢，益加凸顯校園道德生活與氣氛營造之重要。故本研究針對我國國民中學階段，選擇北市一所國中，以俗民誌研究法，進行道德生活與氣氛實況之探索與了解，並以道德社群之理想，提出批判、反省與改進之道。本研究結論分為理論與實證兩部分，在理論方面奠基之理念為：校園道德社群之理想乃以公民社會與社區總體營造為基礎；且其校園應具有正義、關懷與紀律之多元互補道德氣氛。另在實證方面所得結論：該國中個案特點為：(一）具有成規與傳統校風之歷史悠久校園；(二）一週學校生活中處處充滿道德意涵，然各類課程重點取向則有所不同；(三）校園道德氣氛儼然成形並著重和諧氣氛，學校成員亦多強調溝通，然積極參與仍有不足。根據結論乃提出三類建議：(一）針對個案研究學校之建議；(二）對運用質性研究之反省；(三）對後續研究路徑之建議。

This study is emphasized on the hidden curriculum of moral education. Based on the ideal of civil society, community building and "just community", one Taipei junior high school is chosen to reveal the school moral life and atmosphere. The purposes are as follows: Purpose 1 is to realize the rationale and principles of moral community and moral atmosphere. Purpose 2 is to realize the moral life and atmosphere in junior high schools of Taiwan through ethnography research including of observing, interviewing and survey. Purpose 3 is to critique and reflect the status quo of school moral life and atmosphere in Taiwan, and to recommend some suggestions for other schools in building their own moral community. There are two main points of conclusions: One is the moral community should include the spirit of justice, caring and discipline. The other is that the school case is inclined to the good relationships, but lacks the atmosphere of active democratic participation. According to the conclusions, this study gives some recommendations to theory and practice of moral curriculum.