以泰國潮劇發展論華泰的族群邊界之改變

Exploring Chaozhou Opera Influence On The Boundary of Ethnic Group In Thailand

華人與東南亞當地的互動，早從三國時期就已開始，自古華人海外移民的原因，不外政治與經濟的考量；潮州的地理環境和自然條件，是迫使潮州人不得不向海外發展的一個重要因素。近代隨著中國（清朝時期）與泰國（暹羅時期）政局的轉變，潮州人向外移民的現象，分別在十八世紀和二十世紀初創下移民高峰，而華人移民的同時，也將固有的宗教信仰和宗教活動帶進暹羅；在華泰融合的互動過程中，中國戲劇因其文化特性使然，它不僅成為扮演了潮州移民心靈與社會網絡交流的重要性角色，更親切的融入於泰族人民的生活，成為潮州移民對內與對外的重要文化窗口。但也正因為異文化的融合，使得泰國潮劇面臨質變的困境，當語言、戲碼乃至戲曲的儀式精神已不復傳統時，這曾經扮演潮州移民重要心靈角色的潮劇，究竟該如何自處與定位？而在華泰的跨界文化裡，潮劇究竟是扮演族群認同，抑或族群融合的角色？本文將以泰國潮劇的發展為例，闡述異族文化交融下的矛盾與困境，並進一步檢視潮劇文化對華泰族群邊界的影響究竟為何？

Chinese and southeast interdynamic had begun from the period of Three Kindoms (三國). The reasons of Chaozhou (潮州) people became overseas immigrants came frome the scope of politics and economic factor from ancient times. The geographical environment of Chaozhou and natural conditions were an important factor of making the Chaozhou people to have to immigrant. When China (Qing period,清朝時期) and Thailand (Siam period,暹羅時期) transited from the political situations, immigration phenomenon of Chaozhou people created immigrant peak at the 18th and the beginning of the 20th. At the same time, Chinese immigrants had taken inherent in religious belief and religious activity to Siam. Chaozhou opera (潮劇) had become important soul and social network for Chinese immigrants because of the cultural characteristic of Chinese drama . When Chaozhou opera spread into Thailand, Thai people loved it, too.Because of different culture mixed with each other, so the Chaozhou opera changed qualitatively in Thailand. When the language and ceremony spirit of playing had not replied the tradition, the Chaozhou opera how to make a reservation and search for its suitable seat? Which one is the function of Chaozhou opera between China and Thai cultures? ethnic identity or ethnic integration? This paper will explore Chaozhou opera as an example in Thailand, and explain the contradiction and predicament when the different cultures have mixed. It will look over the influence on the boundary between China and Thailand from Chaozhou opera.