從「家長本位」到「子女本位」：遊戲治療案主家長教養概念之建構歷程探究

From Parent-Based to Child-Based: The Establishment Procession of Parenting Conceptions Related to a Mother, Concerning to Client Child in Play Therapy

於家長教養深深影響子女適應，因此在遊戲治療過程，宜掌握案主家長的教養觀念，助其探索與調整教養概念，以提升治療效能。遊戲治療理念源自西方，但是目前臺灣社會則是呈現雙元文化特徵，因此治療師在理解家長的教養觀念時，宜有文化視野。然而在此變遷的社會脈絡下，遊戲治療情境中案主家長的教養概念、及其形塑過程究竟為何？目前仍少有研究觸及，因此本研究擬深究此議題，以供遊戲治療中的家長介入作參考。基於此研究意識，本研究遵循建構主義研究典範，採取敘說探究與開放編碼的分析方法，邀請一位遊療案主家長作為受訪者，進行半結構深度訪談，以信實性與研究倫理作為研究品質的檢核標準。研究結果顯示：雖然受訪者成長於傳統華人家長威嚴、強調角色責任、關注學業、情感抑制的家長本位氣氛中，但是其現代都會生活經驗卻促其追求子女本位的教養觀點，因而強調情感表達、口語互動、尊重子女意願的氣氛營造；惟其教養觀念仍受到早年成長經驗的影響，因此可能隱含著傳統華人文化的意涵。研究者據此結果建議：介入遊戲治療中的家長教養概念時應有文化敏感度。

Play therapy is a well-known clinically accepted maneuver to treat children with mental disorders. Understanding the parenting conceptions concerning to the child patient is important as child mental adjustment depends significantly on parenting believes. In order to efficiently help Taiwan parents whose children undergo play therapy treatment, it is essential to understand their parenting conceptions culturally. This is due to the fact that the therapy rationales come from western world, and currently the Taiwan society has bi-cultural characteristics. To date, neither the content of parenting conceptions regarding the client child, nor that how these conceptions were built up within the changing Taiwan society is elusive. In this study, I undertook these issues in order to have betterment in implementing parenting interventions during the play therapy. This study follows the philosophical thinking of constructivism research paradigm and methodologically adopted narrative approach with open-coding procession to collect and analyze the data. A child patient's mother was recruited as the interviewee for semi-structure interviews to deeply explore her personal conceptions related to parenting and her past life experience. The qualities of this inquiry were found to meet the measures of trustworthiness and follow the research ethics. The results showed that the interviewee had grown up at the traditional parenting ambiance which can be termed as 'parent-based' indicating parent domination. This is characterized by stressing authoritarian, the duties of role, academic preference, and emotional restrain. Eventually she adept to new modern life experiences which highly influenced her parental believes. In turn, she adopted child-based believes which emphasizes the emotional expressions, verbal interactions, and in respecting the deeds and desires of the children. Despite this, her parenting style was still found in expressing part of her past traditional Chinese parenting qualities and skills. To sum up, this study suggests that it is essential to understand parenting conceptions culturally for implementing parenting interventions during play therapy related to the children.