德語植物固定語式的誇飾應用

Hyperbole in German Plant Fixed Expressions

本文從誇飾的角度看德語植物語式中與人直接或間接相關的應用，最後將誇飾類型在德語和華語植物語式的分佈做一比較，以突顯德語的特色。我們從辭典、媒體，及日常的口語對話中搜集語料，黃 (2004) 提出的誇飾對象是基本的研究框架。
研究結果顯示，不管是與人直接相關或間接相關，這些語料的誇飾類型多樣，有“人的個體動作行為”、“人的狀態”、“情境”等。進一步比較德語和華語之後，我們看到“人的狀態” (32.99%) 和“人的個體動作行為” (37.82%) 分別是德、華語最常用的植物誇飾類型。然而兩個語種在整體誇飾運用對於植物喻依的使用有明顯不同的喜好。植物是語言使用者隨處可見的身邊事物，運用在語言中作為植物喻依，或誇張或達意，讓聽者、讀者印象深刻。

Plant fixed expressions are commonly used in our daily life conversation. This paper focuses on German plant fixed expressions for the purpose of delving into their hyberbolic usage. The target of hyberbole (Huang 2004) is the theoretical base to work on the data collected from dictionaries, literature, mass media and daily spoken data. There are 1583 German plant fixed expressions collected and the Mandarin counterparts used to compare are 2702 expressions. The outcome shows that German speakers tend to use plant fixed expressions in various hyperbolic contexts, in regard with directly or indirectly related to people, such as ‘personal act’, ‘personal state’, ‘personality and characteristic’, and ‘situation’, etc. Among them, ‘personal state’ (32.99%) and ‘personal act’ (37.82%) are the top hyperbolic uses in German and in Mandarin, respectively. The plant vehicles are favored differently in both languages. While Germans scatter the vehicles for various uses, Mandarin speakers focus on some vehicles. Furthermore, functionalism in German and visualism in Mandarin are proved true in the use of plant vehicles. Plant is around us in the real world. Plant vehicles are used in language vividly, impressively and hyperbolically.