客家文化重點發展區之分析

Analysis of Key Development Area of Hakka Culture

2010年通過的《客家基本法》納入馬英九總統在2008年競選總統的客家政策中提出設置「客家文化重點發展區」及建立「公事語言法」制度。2010年客家委員會先依2008年人口調查結果，公告了60個客家文化重點發展區，是為過渡性公告。2011年始依《客家基本法》中客家人定義進行調查後將69個鄉鎮市區列為客家文化重點發展區，是為第一次正式公告。
《客家基本法》施行迄今3年餘，客家委員會逐步充實客家文化重點發展區相關的制度內涵。被列入客家文化重點發展區之各鄉、鎮、市、區，沒有實體的文字標示與標幟，似乎無法讓居民或其他旅客理解自己身處於客家文化重點發展區。對於客家文化重點發展區之地方政府，是否給予專屬預算的補助，亦應慎重加以考慮。在推動公事客語無障礙環境方面，因為法規明定需由機關團體主動提出申請始予補助；在提升客家文化重點發展區公教人員之客語能力方面，以獎勵、升遷加分增加個人的動機，但僅屬鼓勵性質。本文認為推動公事客語無障礙環境方面，政府機關應帶頭逐步完成。尤其是客家文化重點發展區政府機關，應該優先且普及的建制完成；至於，以獎勵提升公教人員之客語能力，應考慮修法擴及非客家文化重點發展區。

During his 2008 presidential campaign, President Ma proposed establishing a Key Development Area of Hakka Culture and a Public Affair Language as part of his policy toward Taiwan’s Hakka minority. The both proposals were written into the Hakka Basic Law passed in 2010. Based on the results of the census conducted in 2008, the Hakka Affairs Council, the Executive Yuan made a transitional announcement about identified sixty key development areas of Hakka Culture in 2010. The first official announcement was made regarding the sixty nine towns or districts which were included in the key development areas after a survey in compliance with the definition of Hakka people in Hakka Basic Law in 2011.
The Hakka Affairs Council is gradually strengthening the relevant system and content of key development area of Hakka culture since the Hakka Basic Law has come into force for only three years. Currently, the residents and travelers who are in the sixty nine townships or districts do not seem to be aware that they are in key development areas of Hakka culture due to lack of any written indications and signs. The local governments in key development areas of Hakka culture should take exclusive subsidizations into consideration for the development of Hakka culture.
With regard to promoting a barrier-free Hakka language environment, the law stipulates for the allocation of additional funding if an organization applies for financial support. Similarly, the government employees working in a key development area of Hakka culture are offered incentives to enhance their Hakka language capabilities. However, this reflects an approach based purely on encouragement. This article holds the view that the government should take the lead in successfully establishing a barrier-free Hakka language environment. Especially the government institutions in the key development areas of Hakka culture should be given higher priority in the adaptation of the need of these residents. As for the enhancement of Hakka language capability of government employees through encouragement, we should consider revising laws to include the areas where are not currently part of key development area of Hakka culture.