杜威《經驗與教育》蘊含的教育改革理念   全文下載

The Ideals of Educational Reform Presented in John Dewey’s Experience and Education

本文置杜威在1938年出版的《經驗與教育》一書於其哲學與教育思想發展的脈絡中，闡釋該書所蘊含的三項教育改革理念：第一，不滿現況、妥為面對變局、尋求教育改進；第二，正視爭議、放棄非此即彼的二元對立思維；第三，澄清誤解、再三叮嚀呼籲、回歸教育真義。本文作者指出，在面對「變遷才是規律」的現實時，我們應當切記《經驗與教育》一書所啟示的「連續中有變化，變化中有連續；互動方得成長，成長方得進步」之基本原理，在採取任何教育改革的行動之前，要正視可能存有的爭議或衝突，在極端的事理或問題中找尋符合教育真義的可行作法，仔細地思考、周詳地規劃、廣泛的溝通、普遍的參與、深入的宣導、具體的行動、真確地落實，以力求穩妥施行！

In this paper, John Dewey’s ideals of educational reform as found in his Experience and Education (1938) were analyzed in the context of his philosophical and educational thinking. The three ideals are, first, to actively deal with changes and seek appropriate ways to improve when discontented with the current educational situation; second, to give up “Either-Or” thinking in order to face challenges; and thirdly, to clarify misunderstandings and to give instructions carefully and insistently in order to “educate” in the proper sense of the term. The researcher argues that, confronting the reality that “change is the rule,” we should follow the basic principles of “change in continuity and continuity in change, and interaction for growth and growth for progress” discussed by Dewey in Experience and Education, and that we should “stop and think” before making any further move. That is, in meeting possible conflicts head on, we should try our best to adopt the most thorough, detailed and feasible plans of action, implement them as concretely and effectively as possible, and communicate and participate as extensively as possible. We must not try to run before we can walk!