知識治理機制對個人知識管理行為的影響：從所有權觀點探討

Impact of Knowledge Governance Mechanisms on Individual Knowledge Management Behavior: An Ownership Perspective

知識治理機制是管理組織知識的新興趨勢，近年來的研究已以許多不同的方式來分類知識治理機制，例如：科層、市場或混合形式的知識治理機制等。然而，無論知識治理機制如何分類，過去文獻大多出現的觀點均認為這些知識治理機制應具有管理企業知識流動的能力，因而使得知識治理機制如何促進知識在組織中流動，成為一項重要的議題。另一方面，知識也可以由存量觀點進行探討，知識可以被擁有而成為一種財產，因此，知識治理機制如何促動知識的所有者產生知識心理擁有感，進行知識的創新與分享，也成為另一個重要議題。本研究嘗試整合過去文獻，從所有權觀點出發，發展一個整合的知識治理機制、知識心理擁有感與個人知識管理行為的模型與相關假設。
經過實證分析結果發現：一、從所有權觀點重新分類知識治理機制—決策權觀點知識治理機制與財產權觀點知識治理機制，有助於個人知識管理行為更細緻的了解；二、知識心理擁有感可以區分為「我的」與「我們的」兩個不同的獨立構念；三、鼓勵個人知識管理行為的路徑包括員工認知決策權觀點的知識治理機制強調對群體的正面認同，當個體認知組織所實施的相關制度程度愈高時，個體愈會體認到知識是我們團隊所共同擁有的，會自我要求以達成組織期望的知識創新與分享行為。另一方面，財產權觀點的知識治理機制是強調私利與個人專屬性，員工因為創新而擁有實體所有權時，會將創新知識視為自己本身的延伸，產生保護或防衛知識的心態，因而透過「我的」知識心理擁有感影響個人知識創新行為。

Knowledge governance mechanisms are a new development in the management of organizational knowledge. Studies over the last few years have used many different methodologies to categorize knowledge governance mechanisms into hierarchical, market, hybrid, and other forms of governance, for example. Regardless of the form of governance assigned, however, the most prevalent perspective presented in the available literature is that these knowledge governance mechanisms must have the ability to manage the flow of business knowledge. How knowledge governance mechanisms advance knowledge flow within an organization thus has become an important topic for discussion. Knowledge can also be discussed from a knowledge capacity perspective, wherein knowledge is owned and becomes a kind of asset. Therefore, how knowledge governance mechanisms promote psychological ownership by the knowledge owner so that he or she actively carries out knowledge innovation and sharing has become another important topic for discussion. This study attempts to combine past literature and develop an integrated model and related assumptions for knowledge governance mechanisms, knowledge psychological ownership, and individual knowledge management behavior.
Findings from evidential analyses include: 1) A new assessment of knowledge governance mechanisms from an ownership perspective – knowledge governance mechanisms viewed from a decision-making rights and property rights perspective was helpful in gaining a more detailed understanding of individual knowledge management behavior. 2) The psychological ownership of knowledge can be divided into the two different independent structural concepts of "mine" and "ours." 3) Paths to encouraging individual knowledge management behavior include: a) Knowledge governance mechanisms from a decision-making rights perspective stress positive identification with one's group – the higher the level of individual recognition of related mechanisms implemented by organizations, the more individuals identify with knowledge being commonly owned by the group and expect of themselves to engage in knowledge creation and sharing behavior to achieve organizational aspirations. b) Knowledge governance mechanisms from a property rights perspective stress private and individual proprietary characteristics – employees who possess real ownership (i.e. corporate stock) when they innovate will deem such innovation as an extension of self, which then has an impact on individual knowledge creation behaviors because of the psychological ownership of my knowledge.