台灣青少年快樂發展之縱貫性研究：二階層線性成長模式的發現

A Longitudinal Study of Teenagers’ Development of Happiness in Taiwan: An Analysis of Hierarchical Linear Growth Model

本研究旨在瞭解台灣青少年的快樂感隨時間變化之趨勢型態與成長速率，以及性別、憂鬱情緒及正 向組織對快樂感的影響情形。研究資料係取自台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫所釋出之問卷與資料，以固 定樣本追蹤設計對2001年的國一生樣本每隔二年進行追蹤，直至該生於2005年就讀高二（專二）， 橫跨三波次的追蹤樣本計有1，099人，採用二階層線性成長模式來分析資料。本研究結果顯示：（1 ) 青少年的快樂感發展係呈現負成長的趨勢，亦即隨著年齡的增長而愈趨不快樂，快樂感隨三波遞移 而下挫的趨勢是一致性且普遍性的現象；（2)憂鬱情緒與正向組織對青少年國一時快樂感的起始狀 態具有解釋力，而兩性在快樂感上則沒有差異。由於青少年快樂感的發展變化已有不容忽視的效果， 其憂鬱情緒與正向組織對快樂感亦有影響，故提供相關建議做為青少年輔導介入之參據。

Teenagers’ happiness is an important issue. The purpose of this study has twofold. The study explored the tendency and the growth rate of Taiwanese teenagers’ happiness as it varied by time. In addition， the study investigated the effects of gender， depressive mood and positive institute on the initial status and the growth rate of happiness. Hierarchical linear growth model was applied to analyze the data of 1099 students from Taiwan Education Panel Survey. The data was collected over three waves from seventh grade in 2001 to eleventh grade in 2005. The results showed that: (1)The teenagers’ happiness growth on average decreased across three waves. (2) Both the depressive mood and positive institute had significant effects on the initial status of teenagers’happiness. Given the present results， we provided some implications and suggestions for future studies.