從「觀物」到「安樂」-論邵雍生命哲學的實踐開展   全文下載

From "Observation of Things" to "Peace and Joy"─The Development of Experience within Shao Yong's Philosophy of Life

邵雍的觀物哲學屬存有論與知識論範疇，安樂哲學屬人生論範疇；觀物哲學落於生命實體中，表現為安樂哲學。必須同時瞭解「觀物」與「安樂」二義，才能掌握邵雍哲學之全體。
本文從哲學實踐的角度，探討邵雍將觀物哲學落實為安樂哲學的具體開展形式。日常實踐的二種基本外現，一為實踐之空間；一為實踐之行為。本文首先討論實踐空間的問題：安樂哲學關切人的「身」、「心」問題，心能體道，身能踐道，因此實踐安樂哲學必有一具體處所；而哲學家的日常生活空間，往往就是最直接的實踐場域。其次，討論實踐行為：當存有論與知識論，轉出於真實人生之中，有其體道與踐道之活動，這些活動，皆以近乎藝術與美學的形式，貫注於日常生活模式之中，而呈顯為身、心實踐的全幅景觀。
邵雍《皇極經世》倡論觀物哲學，《伊川擊壤集》則是抒寫日常種種感悟的詩集，可視為鋪展其安樂哲學的實踐記錄。本文在材料的使用上，兼採二書，而偏重於後者，藉以展示邵雍不僅是一位哲學理論的構作者，更是一位典型的哲學實踐者。

Within the body of Shao Yong's philosophy, the "observation of things" is an existential or epistemological concept, whereas "peace and joy" is an aspect of the philosophy of life. For instance, as the "observation of things" manifests itself in the actuality of life, it is expressed as "peace and joy." Thus, understanding the connection between these two concepts is necessary to appreciate Shao Yong's philosophy.
This paper examines how Shao Yong employs the "observation of things" as the initiation of his concept of "peace and joy." The two basic aspects of actual daily experience considered here are 1. the spaces in which experience occurs and 2. the manners in which it is enacted. First, this essay discusses the problem of the space of experience, focusing on how "peace and joy" is concerned with the relationship between a person's body and his or her heart-mind—in the sense that the heart-mind can apprehend, whereas the body can enact. Consequently, the experiential philosophy of "peace and joy" has an actual location, and the living space of the philosopher is its most significant site. Second, this paper explores the manner of enactment. As the existential and the epistemological shift to the actual space of human life, especially as the way of the body and the way of experience are enacted, these actions take on artistic and aesthetic significance. Furthermore, the pattern of daily life is the location of these actions' expression as the complete landscape for the experience of body and heart-mind.
Shao Yong's Huang Ji Jing Shi Shu is an expostulation on the concept of "observation of things," and his Yi Chuan Ji Rang Ji is a collection of poetry based on the many types of awareness that arrive from daily life. These works can be read as a record of Shao putting his understanding of "peace and joy" into practice. This article uses material from both of these texts—especially from the latter—to demonstrate that Shao Yong not only wrote analytical philosophy, but that he also put his philosophy into practice.