關係人口學與組成人口學觀點下的多樣性研究：跨層次分析

A Cross-level Investigation of Diversity in Organizations: The Effects of Relational and Compositional Demographics

由於組織人口學一直是組織行為學者所重視的研究主題，在既有的研究基礎下，本研究分別討論個人層次的人口相異性與團隊層次的人口異質性對組織公民行為與同事信任的直接影響效果。此外，我們引用情境強度理論與社會資訊處理程序的觀點，討論人口異質性在人口相異性與組織公民行為與同事信任的調節作用。透過問卷調查，本研究針對64個中小企業的行政部門488位員工加以調查，實徵分析結果除了發現人口相異性與團隊層次的人口異質性對組織公民行為與同事信任有顯著的直接影響效果之外，部分人口異質性對於人口相異性與組織公民行為與同事信任的關係也具顯著的調節效果。依據上述結果，本研究分別針對研究結論的理論意涵、研究限制與後續研究分別提出本研究的看法與建議。

Research on organizational demographics has been an important development in organizational studies. Building on the latest literature in this stream of research, the present investigation hypothesized the main effects of relational diversity (i.e., demographic differences) at the individual level and compositional diversity (i.e., demographic heterogeneity) at the team level on employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors and trust in coworkers. Furthermore, drawing on the perspective of social information processing and the concept of strong-weak situation, we proposed the moderating role of demographic heterogeneity in the relationships between demographic differences and the outcome variables. Using survey data from 488 employees in 64 administration departments in small and medium companies, the main effects and the moderating effects of interest were partially supported. Based on the findings, practical implications and suggestions for future research in organizational demographics are addressed.