轉化領導、交易領導與部屬組織公民行為之關聯性分析：探討政治技能的調節角色

The Moderating Role of Leader’s Political Skill in the Relationships Between Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership and Subordinate’s Organizational Citizenship Behavior

在組織研究中，領導議題一直是組織研究者關心的重點。其中，有關轉化領導與交易領導更是領導研究領域的熱門主題。在過去，領導理論探討與實徵分析的研究均指出，轉化領導對於員工的態度與行為表現具正面效果，但交易領導的效果則不一致，因此，學者呼籲領導研究應該開始考量相關的調節因素。在此背景下，本研究基於社會影響理論的觀點，討論政治技能在兩種領導行為與組織公民行為關係之間的調節效果。我們針對876位護理人員所屬的53組護理單位進行調查分析。研究結果顯示，轉化領導對護理人員的組織公民行為有正向的影響效果，交易領導對護理人員的組織公民行為則無任何影響效果。主管的政治技能對護理人員的組織公民行為有正向影響效果。在調節效果上，政治技能顯著地調節交易領導與組織公民行為之間的關係。其中，當主管具備高政治技能時，交易領導與組織公民行為有正向的關係；反之，交易領導對組織公民行為的影響關係為負向。針對上述發現，我們就學術與實務二方面提出研究建議。

In the field of organization study, leadership has been one of main issues which received considerable academic attentions. Furthermore, the perspective of transformational and transactional leadership is the most studied topic within leadership research. Based on the discussions of conceptual articles and findings of empirical investigations, transformational leadership has positive influences on employees’ job attitudes and behaviors, the relationship between transactional leadership and outcomes found inconsistent findings. In addition to the above issues, the leadership scholars also address the necessity of examining the potential moderators. Drawing on the perspective of social influence theory, we introduced political skill as the moderator. Based on the sample of 876 nurses from 53 nursing teams, results show positive effects of transformational leadership and political skill on employees’ organizational citizenship behavior, and there is no significant impact in the relationship between transactional leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, political skill moderates the relationship between transactional leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Based on the above findings, some suggestions for academic and practical fields were offered.