改革公園兒童遊戲場的媽媽民主：連結照顧日常與倡議論述的對抗性公共領域

Maternal Democracy in Public Playground Reform: A Counter Public Sphere Connecting Care Work and Policy Advocacy

為人母親的經驗要如何獲得公共領域的肯定？過去研究傾向認為，母親透過傳統的母愛形象進入公共領域，得將其為母的經驗轉化為論述，與其他團體形成的論述相互競逐；不過，既有研究也指出，靜態的女性傳統形象可能鞏固父權體制。本文借用主體化理論的觀點，補充過去研究略為單向的論述生產觀點，強調媽媽的日常照顧工作本身亦貫穿整個參與過程，並且隨著倡議推進而改變。本文以特公盟為例，透過兩年的參與式田野觀察以及深度訪談18位成員，指出這群當代臺灣都市年輕中產階級媽媽，透過媽媽網絡，連結照顧工作與公共倡議，形成一個生產論述的對抗性公共領域，進入論述競逐的場域；但與此同時，圍繞著倡議工作的互動，以及基於倡議而須面對的公部門排除之經驗，均回頭重塑特公媽媽的日常照顧工作，並在此過程中浮現出新的媽媽公民主體：向內轉換母親對自我能力的認知，對外改變公領域其他行動者對母親的刻板印象。

How can mothering experience win recognition in the public sphere? Studies indicate that mothers engage in public affairs based on the cultural idea of unconditional love, and reframe their maternal experiences into political advocacy. However, some scholars contest that these images reinforce patriarchal structures. To challenge the prevailing perception of lived experience and political action, I used a “subject in process” viewpoint that emphasizes the dynamic interweaving of care work and political engagement. According to data from eighteen interviews with members of the Taiwan Parks & Playgrounds for Children by Children, plus personal observations of that organization over two years, I found that young urban mothers connected their care work with policy advocacy by mobilizing parental support networks to construct a “counter public sphere,” and to produce alternative discourses to resist mainstream playground design policies. At the same time, their everyday practice of care work is reshaped by their political advocacy followed by the experience of exclusion in government settings. The emergence of a new mother-citizen subject not only alters these mothers’ self-recognition but also reframes the image of mothers among other people in the public sphere.