小酌怡情、大飲傷身？探討主管下班後基於正向動機之飲酒量與當晚睡眠品質及情緒耗竭的曲線關係及其對隔日正負向領導行為的影響

Too Much of a Good Thing: Exploring the Curvilinear Relationships Between Supervisor’s After-Work Alcohol Consumption Based on Positive Motivations and Sleep Quality/Emotional Exhaustion and the Effects on Next Day Considerate and Abusive Behaviors

國內外的調查皆指出，相較於一般員工，主管有較高比例的飲酒行為。對於肩負更多績效壓力以及領導部屬職責的主管而言，其下班後的飲酒量如何影響內在資源恢復、甚至隔日的正負向領導行為，仍缺乏研究加以探討。本研究基於「努力—恢復模式」與飲酒行為的相關文獻，探討主管每日下班後基於正向動機（即提升正向心情、社交聚會）的飲酒量（以標準飲酒單位為主，即12盎司的啤酒、或4盎司的葡萄酒、或1盎司的烈酒為1標準單位），如何影響其內在資源與隔日正負向領導行為。本研究針對62位在職主管，進行為期10個工作日、每日兩次之資料蒐集，共回收573份每日問卷。分析結果顯示：一、主管下班後基於正向動機之飲酒量與睡眠品質呈現倒U型曲線關係：若主管每日飲酒量較低時（約1.14標準飲酒單位），將能增加其睡眠品質及後續對部屬的關懷行為；然而，若主管每日飲酒量過高時（約5.64標準飲酒單位），反而會對睡眠品質與後續對部屬關懷行為有負面影響。二、主管下班後基於正向動機之飲酒量與情緒耗竭呈現U型曲線關係：若主管每日飲酒量較低時（約0.93標準飲酒單位），將能降低其情緒耗竭及後續對部屬不當督導之行為；然而，若主管每日飲酒量過高時（約5.43標準飲酒單位），前述間接降低情緒耗竭與不當督導行為的間接效果則不顯著。本研究針對研究結果的理論意涵進行討論，並提供管理實務上的建議。

Recent surveys have indicated that supervisors engage in drinking behaviors more frequently than general employees. However, limited research has examined whether and how supervisors’ after-work drinking behaviors, driven by positive motivations, influence their resource recovery and next-day leadership behaviors. To address these gaps, this study adopted the effort-recovery model and collected twice-daily data from 62 supervisors over 10 workdays, resulting in 573 matched daily responses. The results indicated that: (1) Supervisors’ after-work alcohol consumption based on positive motivations (e.g., social and mood enhancement) showed an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship with sleep quality. Low to moderate levels of alcohol consumption (about 1.14 standard alcoholic drinks per day) increase sleep quality and next-day considerate behaviors, while this indirect effect becomes negative when supervisors have excessive alcohol consumption (more than 5.64 standard alcoholic drinks per day); (2) Supervisors’ alcohol consumption based on positive motivations has an U-shaped curvilinear relationship with emotional exhaustion. Low to moderate alcohol consumption (about 0.93 standard alcoholic drinks per day) decreases emotional exhaustion and next-day abusive supervision behaviors. However, this negative indirect effect became non-significant when alcohol consumption exceeded 5.43 standard alcoholic drinks per day.