This study investigates how the built environment, service functions, and spatial atmosphere of adult day care centers affect the psychological well-being of older adults. Based on 670 valid questionnaires, two regression models were developed to analyze the effects on healing experience and subjective well-being (SWB). Healing and SWB were moderately correlated (r = .594, p < .001). Healing experience showed higher explanatory power (R² = 0.646) than SWB (R² = 0.270), suggesting stronger environmental sensitivity. Key predictors included autonomy support (β = 0.64), aesthetic-cultural atmosphere (β = 0.53), and sustainable living (β = 0.30), while care services (β = -0.13) and safety-comfort (β = -0.14) had negative effects. Although natural environments are theoretically restorative, they showed limited empirical influence. The findings support integrating Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) into aging-friendly design, emphasizing atmospheric quality and autonomy-enhancing features to improve psychological outcomes.