超越政治或迎向政治？──總統氣候變遷對策委員會的功能定位與合憲性商榷

Beyond Politics or toward Politics? The Functional and Constitutional Analysis on Presidential National Climate Change Committee

賴清德總統設立「國家氣候變遷對策委員會」嘗試強化臺灣氣候治理。然而，該委員會究竟是在超越政治不足而促成更專業穩定的氣候治理，或是迎合總統現實政治需求的定位，不僅涉及委員會的制度設計，也會影響其功能發揮與合憲性疑慮。本文嘗試分析我國氣候變遷委員會的制度，檢視其功能定位與憲法疑慮。本文認為，目前的氣候變遷對策委員會主要的功能是在回應總統的政治需求，而欠缺獨立性及專業性、透明度，也難以強化臺灣氣候治理及社會信任。本文提出四大改革方向：回歸行政院永續會、設立獨立專家委員會、調整總統委員會定位及強化其法制基礎，以解決憲政疑慮並提升社會信任。

President Lai Ching-te recently established the“National Climate Change Committee”to promote Taiwan’s climate governance toward the 2050 net-zero target. The committee includes members from industry, government, academia, and civil society, aiming to strengthen climate governance. However, it is not clear whether the committee aims to mitigate the deficit of climate politics and to ensure an evidence-based, sustainable climate policy, or purely fulfill the political need of the president. This question affects not only the institutional setting of the committee, but also its function and constitutionality. This article analyzes the current institutional setting of the committee and argues that the committee fulfill the president’s political needbut undermines its possible function of independence, professionalism, and establishing social trust. The article proposes four reform directions: returning to the National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD), establishing an independent expert committee, adjusting the role of the Presidential Committee, and strengthening its legal foundation to address constitutional concerns and enhance public trust.