2008北京奧運的城市空間規劃設計論述形構分析──兼論無形文化資產，在歷史名城接合現代性發展中可能扮演的角色

A Discursive Analysis of the Planning and Design Formation of Beijing 2008 Olympics: By the Way, On the Possible Roles Invisible-Cultural Heritages Shall Play In the Modern Development of Historical Cities

秉持著“綠色奧運、科技奧運、人文奧運”的信念，2008年北京奧運作為“城市儀式”的盛大舉辦與表演，並非只是一樁單純的體育賽會，而更牽動了城市空間的整體改造，乃是中共在面對全球競爭局勢下，企圖藉由國家劇院、首都機場與奧運場館等一系列工程的形象打造，帶領國族強力崛起的政治-空間計畫。其間，既牽涉了都市功能的重新調整、更力揚了建築的象徵表現，而讓以科炫為底之綠色網路城市、奇觀式建築等話語獲得了馳騁的機會，從而根本地改變了北京的面貌。比較可惜的是，此一注重科技、幾近以空間效率化、綠化、美化為主的城市改造計畫，雖已高倡了園林精神與歷史文化價值、力陳了現代與傳統共融的視野，也獲致了璀璨催化活動高潮的效果，但由於缺乏從地域性角度對城市變遷進行跨文化的理解，卻較無從創造性地發揚北京所曾積澱的深厚底蘊與獨特意義。為現代性強力植入的北京，於焉失去了一次在歷史脈絡中動員空間意義以回歸京韻、重塑城市文化認同的絕妙機遇。本文因而希望藉由論述分析方式，對當代北京因此一特殊政治-空間改造而變遷的過程做一考察，除釐清其成就與限制外，更探討空間設計專業進一步突破之可能，以作為歷史名城接合現代性而進行深度改造之可攻錯的參考。

Insisting on the belief of“Green Olympics, Technology Olympics and Cultural Olympics”, Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics, as a grand and brilliant show of“City Ritual”, is not purely a sport game, but also a practice concerning the whole reshaping of urban space. It is just a political-spatial project that Chinese Communist Party, which is under the condition of global competitions and challenges, aims to make the positive image and lead the China as a Nation revive strongly and rise up peacefully through a series of“image projects”such as National center for the Performing Arts, Beijing Capital International Airport, and Olympic stadiums. During the process, the manipulators not only adjust new functions of city, but also propagate symbolic display of architecture, so they have let the discourses of“green network city”and“visual spectacle architecture”gain their dominate positions and executable opportunities, and hence help materialize radically the appearance change of Beijing. What a pity is though these urban renewals, emphasizing technology and basing on spatial efficiency, greening, and environmental beautification, have proposed Chinese classical gardening spirits and historical-cultural values, stressed the merging horizon of modern and tradition, and actually achieved the effect of catalyzing climaxes of holding activities, they, due to the lacks of comprehending cite changes from the cross-cultural viewpoints of“locality”, could not creatively exalt the deep auras and special meanings that Beijing have accumulated in its own long-term history. Beijing, in the process of globalization modernity, hence has loosed an excellently good chance to recall its original long rhyme and to reshape its cultural identity through the mobilization of spatial meanings. This paper, through the way of discursive analysis, aims to survey the changing process of contemporary Beijing under the political-spatial project. By doing so, the author hopes not only to make clear its merits and flaws, but also to explore the possibility of making a breakthrough in profession, in order to establish a referential base for the further practices that famous historical cities try to joint themselves with modernity forces profoundly.