教育幸福力從典範教師起步：國小教師強項與心理健康初探

The Power of Happiness in Education Starts with Exemplary Teachers: Exploring the Strengths and Mental Health of Elementary School Teachers

過去研究發現強項與主觀幸福感有顯著正相關，也是增進幸福感的主因。然而，國內教師群體強項與心理健康的探討仍是研究的缺口，故本研究旨在探討國小教師強項與心理健康之現況。研究分為兩部分，研究一以三量表（成人強項量表、生活滿意度量表、壓力知覺量表）進行測驗，對象為高雄市某國小35位教師，研究二請全體教師進行同儕互評，以被票選為幸福典範之前3名教師作為訪談對象，及邀請其好友各1位，共6位。研究結果：（一）全體教師前三名強項為「感恩」、「判斷力」、「同理」，而前三名較弱之強項則為「寬恕」、「自我控制」、「利他」；生活滿意度量表平均分數處於尚且滿意，壓力知覺量表量表分數則屬於壓力偏大之範圍。（二）不同於全體教師，幸福典範教師最高分強項為「創造力」及「愛」。（三）幸福典範教師與一般教師之不同特點可編碼為五個主類目。同時針對國小教師如何提升心理健康之發展與應用提出建議。

 

This study aims to explore the current situation of strengths and psychological health among elementary school teachers. In Study 1, three scales (Adult Strengths Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale) were used to test 35 teachers from a primary school in Kaohsiung City. In Study 2, all teachers were asked to conduct peer evaluations, and the top 3 teachers selected as happiness exemplars were interviewed. Results: (1) The top three strengths of all teachers were “gratitude,” “rigorous judgment,”and “empathy,” while the weakest strengths were “forgiveness,” “ self-cont rol, ” and “ loyalty. ” The average score on the Life Satisfaction Scale was still satisfactory. (2) Unlike all teachers, the highest-scoring strengths of the happiness exemplar teachers were “creativity” and “love.” (3) The different characteristics between happiness exemplar teachers and general teachers can be categorized into five main themes. Suggestions are also provided for enhance psychological health among elementary school teachers.