傳統鹽村聚落文化景觀之研究──以七股頂山聚落為例

A Study on the Cultural Landscape of Traditional Salt Village Settlement–Taking Dingshan Settlement, Qigu as an Example

我國《文資法》於2005年修法，新增「文化景觀｣類別。十多年來，已有75處「文化景觀｣案例，其中又以「產業文化資產｣為主要成員。從已登錄的案例來看，多將重點擺在產業遺構本身，少與聚落結合，更少能凸顯「人類與自然的結合之作」。因觀念落差，造成「文化景觀｣經常與建築類文化資產，產生混淆的現象。因此，本研究以位於「七股鹽場｣中心位置的「頂山聚落｣為研究對象，採用「歷史地理研究法｣進行圖資爬梳，與田野實查及記錄；透過產業遺構與聚落結合，建置「歷史模型｣進行研究分析與成果撰寫，以符合「人類與自然的結合之作」觀念的實質案例。
頂山庄民帶來的原鄉文化，形成祭祀「山神｣與「王爺｣的信仰，成為聚落的文化底蘊。在近290年的使用過程（生活）中，庄民面臨五大環境變化－「產業轉變｣、「外侮威脅｣、「洪水侵襲｣、「殖民政策｣與「人口增長｣，透過「技術力｣、「信仰力｣與「政治力｣的適應模式，傳承、轉換與協調這些變化，進而逐漸適應環境變遷。因此，「頂山庄｣是兼具天日晒鹽業、王爺信仰與區域中心等，多重樣態於一身的鹽村聚落，具有長久以來「自然與人為交互作用｣之成果，屬於「有機演變的地景｣中，「持續存在的地景｣的實質案例。

The Cultural Heritage Preservation Act (Taiwan) was amended in 2005 with the addition of new category of“cultural landscape.”Over the past decade, a total of 75 cases of“cultural landscapes”have been identified, and“industrial cultural heritages”have been the main members. Based on the observation of the registered cases, emphasis is mainly put on the industrial heritage itself and seldom put on the integration with settlement, revealing the lack of“combination of human beings and nature.”Due to the conceptual gap,“cultural landscape”is often confused with architectural cultural assets. Therefore, this study took the“Dingshan Settlement”located in the center of“Qigu Saltworks”as the research object and used the“historical geography research method”to investigate relevant information, perform field research, and record relevant data. Through the combination of industrial relics and settlement, this study established a“historical model”for research analysis and compilation of results, in order to conform to the substantive research case with the concept of“combination of human beings and nature.”
The native culture of Dingshan Villagers formed the belief of offering sacrifices to“mountain gods”and“Wang Ye,”which became the cultural heritage of the settlement. During the nearly 290 years of use of saltworks (to make a living), the villagers faced five major environmental changes–“industrial transformation,”“threat of foreign aggression,”“flood invasion,”“colonial policy”and“population growth.”Through the adaptation model of“technical power,”“belief power”and“political power,”villagers inherited, transformed, and coordinated these changes, and then gradually adapted to environmental changes. As a result,“Dingshan Village”is a salt village settlement with multiple patterns, including sun-dried salt industry, Wang Ye belief and regional center. Besides, this Village is also featured by the long-term results of“interactions between nature and human beings”and belongs to the substantive case of“a continuing landscape”in“the organically evolved landscape.”