居住正式化：從青洲地區發展探討葡殖時期澳門之都市及住宅政策實踐

Formalization of Dwelling: A Study on Colonial Macau's Urban Planning and Housing Policy Through the Development of Ilha Verde Area

木屋棚寮問題貫穿澳門二十世紀的都市發展，其與澳門現代都市計劃的實踐、土地管理制度的改革、公共住宅制度的建立息息相關。其中位於澳門舊城區外西北偶的青洲地區，從非正式聚落到合法的木屋區，再變為經濟房屋預定地，更是反映殖民初期界務問題的政治角力、二戰前後的地區人口及產業結構變遷，以及葡萄牙對殖民地治理的態度轉向。青洲地區的木屋問題為非常處境下產生的例外狀態，既為澳葡政府都市發展計劃失序的外顯表象，亦是基層民眾應對都市生活實相的策略。而澳葡政府的殖民角色，以及木屋對澳門華人社群的緊密關聯，更是使木屋治理兼具都市空間治理與華人社群治理兩面向。本文以都市的非正式性作為解析都市發展議題的認識論，透過梳理青洲地區的發展史及與其相關木屋處理政策，揭示澳門都市化過程中的議題視域與焦點的調和，以及政策實踐的時空調配策略。期間，木屋問題朝向住宅問題轉型，而華人社群在與澳葡政府談判的過程中向上調整其議題視域，並推動澳葡政府向下調整其政策措施，使之更貼近都市生活實相。

Shanties have been a prominent issue in Macau’s urban development throughout the 20th century, closely related to modern urban planning, land management reforms, and the establishment of public housing. The Ilha Verde Area, located northwest of Macau's old-town area, has transitioned from a Macau-Chinese informal settlement to an authorized shanty district and eventually became an affordable housing zone. This transformation reflects how the Portuguese colonial government struggles over urban spatial management and ethnic governance. This article employs the lens of informality to review Macau’s urbanization during the colonial era, focusing on the formalization of Ilha Verde Area's shanties settlement, as well as its role in Macau's overall shanties issue. First, it identified the dilemma of the shanties, pointing out that it was both a deviant of colonial Macau’s urban development scheme and a practical response to the unstable urban living realities during wartime. Then, it reveals the adjustment of issue scope and spatial-temporal coordination strategies during the formalization of shanties. As the process unfolded, Macau transitioned from a Portuguese colony to a territory temporarily under Portuguese governance, prompting a shift from addressing shanties to broader housing issues. Also, the Macau-Chinese community has adjusted its issue scope from personal living issues to overall housing issues which encourages policy adjustments that better reflect the urban living realities.