航空客運合同交易習慣的識別與適用

Identification and Application of Trade Usage in Air Passenger Transportation Contracts

航空客運合同需要交易習慣的適用，但交易習慣難以識別，使其在航空客運合同中難以發揮作用。交易習慣的適用可以調整航空客運合同的成立時間，解釋航空客運合同條款的含義，影響航空客運合同條款的效力，並成爲判斷航空承運人是否違約的標準。在航空客運視域下，航空客運行業實踐降低了“反復適用”的證明難度，航空運輸總條件的告知同意促進了當事人“普遍公認”，由此，除一般標準外，國際慣例、建議措施、運輸總條件可以作爲航空客運合同交易習慣的輔助判斷標準。交易習慣的識別還應考慮法律政策的判斷，必須滿足法律並無納入規定、法律並無否認效力的要求。經過識別，航空客運合同交易習慣可以類型化爲與航空安全相關的交易習慣和與航空效益相關的交易習慣。

Air passenger transportation contracts require the application of trade usage, but trade usage is difficult to recognize, making it difficult to play a role in air passenger transportation contracts. The application of trade usage can adjust the time of the establishment of the air passenger transportation contract, interpret the meaning of the air passenger transportation contract terms, affect the effectiveness of the air passenger transportation contract terms, and become a standard to determine whether the air carrier is in breach of contract. In the field of air passenger transportation, the practice of the air passenger transportation industry reduces the difficulty of proving "repeated application", and the notification of the General Conditions of Carriage of Air Transport promotes the "general recognition" of the parties. Therefore, in addition to the general standards, the international practice, the recommended measures, and the General Conditions of Carriage can be used as auxiliary standards for determining the trade usage of air passenger transportation contracts. The identification of trade usage should also take into account the judgment of law and policy, and must satisfy the requirements that the law does not incorporate the provisions and the law does not deny the effect. After identification, air passenger transportation contract trade usage can be typified into trade usage related to aviation safety and trade usage related to aviation benefits.