數位貿易及資訊科技於國際協定之規範研析

「數位貿易」係以網際網路為基礎，以數位方式進行跨國交易、服務提供之行為。1998年世界貿易組織日內瓦部長級會議通過「全球電子商務宣言」，成員同意未來繼續談判與全球電子商務有關之所有貿易問題，由於數位科技逐漸發達，使得國際貿易不限於貨物、資本與人才交流，更包括網際網路及資料之使用、取得及移轉等。本文係以「數位科技及貿易」為核心，期望透過反省、思辨、批判的視角，就數位貿易於WTO多邊貿易談判之挑戰，以及其於區域及雙邊貿易協定下之發展，包括數位經濟夥伴協定、跨太平洋夥伴全面進步協定、區域全面經濟夥伴協定等之具體條款內容或規範模組進行詳細分析，作為臺灣未來對於數位科技政策與貿易法律之立場，以及參與國際協定之國內法規調和參考。

“Digital Trade” is involving cross-border transactions and providing services digitally based on the Internet. In 1998, the WTO Geneva Ministerial Conference adopted “The Declaration on Global Electronic Commerce”, all members agreed to continue negotiating advanced trade issues related to global e-commerce in the future. Due to the gradual development of digital technology, international trade is not only limited to goods, capital flow and free movement of persons, but also including the use, acquisition, and transfer of the data through internet. This article focused on“Digital Technologies and Trade”and hoped to analyze the challenges of digital trade in WTO multilateral trade negotiations, as well as its consequences under regional and bilateral trade developments, through introspection, speculation, and critical perspectives. This article explored a detailed analysis of the specific provisions or normative modules of the Digital Economic Partnership Agreement (DEPA), the Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership and Progress (CPTPP), the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Finally, this article suggested Taiwan’s future digital technology policy and the position of trade law amendments, and alsoprovided reference for harmonization of domestic laws and regulations participating in international agreements.