地方自治事項主管機關管轄權限爭議之探討──以司法判決團體管轄與機關管轄分歧為中心

Some Discussions on the Authorities of Local Autonomy Matters: Focused on the Conflict between Group Jurisdiction and Agency Jurisdiction

地方自治事項之訴願管轄，依訴願法規定，直轄市政府或縣（市）政府主管之行政處分由中央部會管轄，直轄市政府或縣（市）政府所屬機關主管之行政處分由直轄市政府或縣（市）政府管轄。環繞此訴願管轄問題，中央法律經常在規範地方自治事務時，逕行規定「本法之主管機關……在直轄市為直轄市政府；在縣（市）為縣（市）政府」，導致地方自治事項訴願管轄權全部淪為中央部會管轄，引發違憲侵害地方自治疑慮。有關於此主管機關規定，法解釋論上有團體管轄說與機關管轄說之不同理解，行政法院判決原則上係採團體管轄說見解，認為地方得基於自主組織權進行主管機關權限劃分，例外在地方權限劃分立法密度不足或不明確或地方採權限委任方式時，援用機關管轄說之論述。然而此種例外援用機關管轄說之論述，在法解釋論上，有違憲疑慮及論理錯誤等問題，判決理由不宜僅援引機關管轄說之論述，以免造成誤解，應完整論述團體管轄及權限劃分後，再以權限委任雖不正確亦有效為理由進行判決。

The jurisdiction of administrative appeals on local autonomy matters is governed by the Administrative Appeal Act in Taiwan. According to the regulations, administrative dispositions under the jurisdiction of the municipal government or county (city) government are under the jurisdiction of the central ministries, while administrative dispositions under the jurisdiction of the agencies affiliated with the municipal government or county (city) government are under the jurisdiction of the municipal government or county (city) government. Surrounding this jurisdictional appeal issue, when the central laws frequently regulate local autonomy affairs, they directly stipulate that“the competent authority of this Act... in a municipality is the municipal government; in a county (city) is the county (city) government,”leading to the concern that the jurisdiction of administrative appeals on local autonomy matters has all fallen under the jurisdiction of the central ministries, causing constitutional infringement and doubts about local autonomy. Regarding the provisions of the competent authority, there are different interpretations in legal interpretation theory between the group jurisdiction theory and the agency jurisdiction theory. In principle, the administrative court adopts the group jurisdiction theory, believing that local authorities can divide the authority of the competent authority based on their autonomous organizational rights. An exception is made when the legislative density of local authority division is insufficient or unclear, or when local authorities adopt a delegated authority approach, in which case the argument of agency jurisdiction theory is invoked. However, this exception of invoking the argument of agency jurisdiction theory raises constitutional doubts and logical errors in legal interpretation theory. The reasoning of the judgment should not solely rely on the argument of agency jurisdiction theory to avoid misunderstanding. It should fully discuss group jurisdiction and authority division, and then make the judgment based on the reasoning that delegated authority, although in.