訴訟擔當之研究

Research on Representative Action

訴訟擔當與訴訟實施權及當事人適格等制度相聯結，在訴訟法上具有制度上重要性。在我國有主張應擴大訴訟解決紛爭機能，因而認為應擴大判決效力之主觀範圍，其對於訴訟擔當之承認，自亦較為廣泛。但越寬認訴訟擔當，就越可能影響實體權人之實體及程序權利。本文乃就實體權人之管理權及處分權，進一步區分程序管理權及程序處分權，而對於與之相聯結之訴訟實施權則區分為程序開啟權及訴訟行為權，據此開展訴訟擔當或可依事件類型得有對被擔當人之訴訟實施權不同程度之干預安排，用以平衡被擔當人之實體權及程序保障。

Having connection with quality of party, representative action is of great importance in procedure law. In Taiwan, some scholars suggest that the recognition of representative action should be more extensive, for they believe that dispute resolution function should be intensified by broadening the subjective scope of the validity of judgments. However, the more easily we recognize representative action, the more possible it affects the substantive and procedural rights of the holder of the substantial right. This article further categorizes the management and disposition rights of the substantial right holder into procedural management rights and procedural disposition rights, and the associated litigation implementation rights into procedural opening rights and litigation conduct rights. According to this category, the representative action may have different degrees of interference with the litigation implementation rights of the substantial right holder according to the type of events, which eventually can balance the substantial right and procedural protection of the substantial right holder.