疑古的當代性理解：論錢穆的《易》學觀

Qian Mu’s Perspective on Yixue

錢穆（1895-1990）畢生以復興中華文化為職志，關心儒家學說思想與諸子的發展，有關先秦的學術史觀，與同時期「古史辨」之學風主張，形成共鳴與交會，面對疑古與辨古的風潮，注入重要的學術影響力。糾核稽考，敷陳實徵，期能正古矯謬，立學史之榘矱，認為孔子（551-479BC）未立「六經」，孔子與《易》無涉，《易傳》為繼「莊老」之後的儒道合流之作。提出諸多與傳統的普遍認識有極大殊異者，並標誌為此一時期，於《易》學觀方面的重要代表。本文主要從錢穆之鉅著中，針對與《易》說相關的文獻進行鉤沉，主要從《易》學的學術史觀中的經傳問題，以及《易》學之重要思想視域，作具體之爬梳，闡明錢穆之重要《易》學觀。

Qian Mu, or Ch’ien Mu(1895-1990), sees the revival of traditional Chinese culture as his lifelong calling. He has a deep understanding of the development of Confucianism and ideas proposed by other ancient philosophers. His views on the academic history in the pre-Qin period have resonated with the trend of Gushibian古史辨,“the evaluations of ancient historiography,”instilling great academic influence into Yigu疑古and Biangu辨古, the debate of the authenticity of old history books and their content. Qian often offers a fresh perspective, drastically different from his contemporaries’. For example, in his opinion, Confucius (551-479BC) neither authored the Six Classics nor had any involvement in Yi《易》. Qian’s unique perspective makes him an important figure in Yixue易學in his time. The present study aims to comb through Qian’s Yi-related works and explore and explain his viewpoints on Yi, with the focus on Jing經and Zhuang傳in Yi history and on the key aspects of Yi thoughts.