網路販毒犯罪模式與防制對策之研究

A Research on the Crime Pattern of Internet Drug Trafficking and Countering Strategies

隨著網路科技蓬勃發展，現代人日常生活中的各項事物無不依賴網路，惟因網際網路的即時性、便利性、互通性、隱匿性，使得犯罪行為發展的更加多元，其所衍生出各種犯罪行為及手法亦不斷更新。國內外罪犯利用網際網路進行販毒，使毒品的販賣與取得管道更迅速且便利，且COVID-19疫情爆發，在各國政府實施管制限制措施後，毒品走私亦多改由海、空運或利用漁船載運，吸食毒品者也改以網路訂購宅配等方式販賣，並在私人場所施用，以減少被查緝的風險，國內網路販毒勢必會有越來越增長之趨勢。本研究之主要目的在探討網路販毒之犯罪手法、犯罪過程及檢警查緝偵查作為，以提出相關改進建議，並將研究結果作為政府機關擬定刑事政策與犯罪防制之參考。
本文研究採取「次級資料分析法」、「深度訪談法」及「焦點團體座談法」，次級資料分析法分析2020年臺灣臺中地方法院網路販毒有罪判決書，以了解網路販毒犯罪手法及犯罪過程；復深度訪談第一線緝毒執行者5人、選取臺中監獄自願參加且具網路販毒經驗者5人進行訪談及邀請緝毒專家、政策規劃者5人進行焦點座談，以相互比對所得資料進而獲知網路販毒犯罪手法、犯罪過程及檢警所面臨之困境與策進作為。
本研究訪談結果發現，網路販毒集團組織結構系統化，網路販毒平臺有線上論壇、線上遊戲、社群軟體及網路通訊軟體等方式；交易毒品以安非他命、愷他命及新興毒品咖啡包居多；集團作案時間為全天、毒品交易地點通常以買家決定為主；集團成員採取單線聯絡、定期更換工作機、工作車輛、毒品倉庫藏放地點、面交過程全程開啟視訊等方式躲避檢警查緝。
最後，本研究建議應盡速訂定科技偵查法，提升檢警科技偵查之查緝能量；由數位發展部盡速整合各部門，以有效管制網路、軟體、遊戲業者；訂定查緝網路販毒及獎勵計畫，強化警方偵查技術及加強化國際合作等面向，提出符合現況偵查及防制策略，期能作為實務界擬定政策之參考，以有效遏止網路販毒集團，保護民眾產生命財產安全。

With the advance in Internet technology, nowadays people deeply rely on the Internet in their daily lives. However, due to the immediacy, convenience, interoperability and concealment of the Internet characteristics, the development of criminal behaviors and methods become more diverse and updated. Drug traffickers, no matter in domestic or abroad, all know utilizing the Internet is a much faster and more convenient channel for drug trafficking. Indeed, after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, owing to many jurisdictions has implementing many control measures, the ways of drug trafficking are changed to carried by sea, air or fishing boats. In order to not be arrested, those drug addicts also transform the way of getting drugs by ordering online home delivery and using drugs in private places. Apparently, the trend of domestic Internet drug trafficking will continually increase in the future. The main purpose of this research is to explore the criminal methods, criminal process and police investigation experience of Internet drug trafficking; furthermore, to put forward relevant suggestions and provide the findings as references for governments to formulate criminal policies and crime prevention.
The methodology of this research adopts the "secondary data analysis method", "in-depth interview method" and "focus group discuss method". To start with analyzing the verdicts of the Taiwan Taichung District Court in 2020 on Internet drug trafficking with secondary data analysis method to understand the criminal modes and process of Internet drug trafficking. Next, conducted in-depth interviews with five front-line investigators, and five prisoners in Taichung Prison now who had experience in Internet drug trafficking and voluntarily participated in the interviews. Moreover, to invite anti-drug crime experts and policymakers with a total of five people to launch a focus group discussion. It then concluded the predicaments and recommend strategies faced by the investigators by scrutinizing and analyzing the data about Internet drug trafficking.
There are four findings of this research. To begin with, the structure of Internet drug trafficking is systematic. In other words, there are various platforms for drug deals, including online forums, games, social software, and communication software. Then, the most common transaction drugs are Amphetamine, Ketamine and emerging drugs with the cover of the coffee packets. Furthermore, there is no day and night for drug traffickers and the location of the drug transaction is usually decided by buyers. Finally, to circumvent the pursuit from law enforcement, the drug trafficker group members adopt single-line contact and regularly replace work phones, vehicles, drug warehouses storage locations, and apply face-to-face delivery process with video records.
In conclusion, the result of this research does shed the light on that it is necessary to enact a specific law on the technological investigation as soon as possible to enhance the detection ability of law enforcement. Besides, the Digital Development Department, which belongs to Executive Yuan, should integrate relevant departments immediately to achieve effective control of the Internet, software, and game industries as well as stipulate the action plan for anti- Internet drug trafficking and reward plans to accelerate police investigation techniques and promote international cooperation., etc.
Overall, the crux of the matter of effectively deterring Internet drug trafficking is to propose investigation and prevention strategies in line with the current situation, like the aforesaid practices in order to protect the citizens’ lives, assets and safety.