律師與律師工作

Literature Review on Lawyer and Lawyering

本文為律師研究之文獻回顧。其目的在於建構知識地圖，兼顧國際學界之經典與最新發展，並將臺灣本土社群之研究成果嵌入對話。具體而言，本文專注於法律職業的三大面向：律師的社會功能與角色、律師與國家的政治互動、全球化市場下的律師業。首先，聚焦於律師的政治角色，以「國家」為主要分析視角，介紹三支重要的歷史比較研究，再專注於臺灣經驗中，國家如何形塑律師、而律師又如何成為「鬥士」對抗國家。其次，將律師與律師工作視為一社會現象，討論法律職業的本質、律師的社會結構、及律師的訴訟角色。最後則將焦點轉向全球化市場，隨著律師陪伴跨國客戶跨越了國家的邊界，二十一世紀律師業也發生特殊變化。

This paper provides an introductory literature review for Taiwanese readers of Law and Society, aiming to select and summarize classic as well as trendy works in the past 50 years that constituted the study of the legal profession and situate the critical findings of Taiwanese lawyers in related literature. This paper focuses on three major themes of lawyers and lawyering: the social theory and functions of lawyers, the political engagement with the state, and lawyers in globalized markets. The organization of the paper is as follows: first, a theoretical discussion on the nature of lawyering and lawyers as a profession, followed by studies on lawyers’ social structures and roles in litigation. Second, turning to the politics of the legal profession, the next section introduces three lines of historical works and then reviews the literature on Taiwanese lawyers. Specifically, how the state shapes modern Taiwanese lawyers, and how they become “fighters” struggling against the state. The last section extends beyond national borders to globalization, which is the most drastic change and challenge for lawyers in the 21st century. A note on future studies concludes the paper.