高中職多元入學管道選擇與家庭背景及學習表現之關係－－兼論多元入學的公平與效率

A Study of the Relationship between Entrance Channels, Family Background and Test Scores—Implications for Equality and Efficiency of Entrance Channels

臺灣的高中聯考於2001 學年正式廢除，並於同年正式實施多元入學，多元入學最常引發的質疑為公平性問題。本研究計畫之資料採用2001 年開始進行的全國性樣本「臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫」（Taiwan Education Panel Survey，簡稱TEPS）進行分析，實證方法主要採用多元邏輯迴歸模型（multinomial logitmodel）。本文的實證結果並未發現家庭社經背景較佳的學生傾向以推薦甄試或申請入學管道入學而不選擇聯考，相反地，高社經背景的學生反而傾向以聯考管道入學。此外，在結合TEPS 高中職第二波樣本後也發現，在控制學生的先備能力、社經背景、學校以及認真作答的潛在影響下，透過推薦甄試入學的學生測驗成績相較於聯考入學的學生表現更佳，此現象在高中尤其明顯。總結來說，在高中階段，多元入學並未製造更多的不公平，而且其中的推薦甄試提供了較聯考入學更有效率的學生與學校媒合。

To improve the senior high school entrance system and encourage normaldevelopment of junior high school education, the old joint entrance exam wasabolished, and the multiple channel entrance program was officially enacted in2001 throughout the country. This new system, however, has been widely criticizedfor its bias in favor of students with better socio-economic backgroundsand may jeopardize the equality of educational opportunity. Using data fromthe Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) and multinomial logit models, weattempt to examine the hypothesis that the socio-economically advantaged studentsare more likely to enter high schools by channels of school recommendationor individual application instead of the joint entrance exam. Our empiricalresults show no evidence to support this hypothesis. Instead, we find that studentswith high socioeconomic backgrounds tend to enter high school by wayof the joint entrance exam. In addition, we also find that those students whoenter high schools via school recommendation perform better than those enteringvia joint entrance exam in terms of test scores in their third year in highschool. In sum, the multiple channel high school entrance program does notcreate inequality. In terms of match between students and schools, the channel of school recommendation is more efficient than the joint entrance exam.