重新檢視原因自由行為的可罰基礎

The Analysis of the Punishable Grounds for Actio Libera in Causa

原因自由行為隱含一項特殊的結果要素：「自陷於責任能力障礙狀態」（自醉）。在此種狀態實施構成要件行為如同行為人已經弱化了自己的行為控制能力，尤其是「排除或降低避免侵害他人法益的能力」。於此，行為規範的義務範圍實質包含了不得使自己陷入責任能力障礙的狀態，也就表示行為人實施結果行為所牴觸的行為規範，效力範圍將基於自醉此種隱性的結果要素擴及到原因行為的範疇。既然原因行為仍屬違反行為規範義務，便是符合刑法第19條規定的行為時。此外，未來修法時，除了規定本身應完整反應出原因自由行為的雙階行為結構外，法效果的「不適用之」可修改為「仍依所犯之罪論責」。

Actio libera in causa implies a specific outcome element: “self-indulgence in a state of disability” (self-intoxication). Carrying out a wrongful act in this state is like the perpetrator has weakened his ability to control his own behavior, especially “to exclude or reduce the ability to avoid infringing on the legal interests of others”. Here, the scope of obligations of the code of conduct includes the state of not allowing oneself to be impeded by the ability to be responsible, which means that the code of conduct violated by the perpetrator’s performance of the resulting behavior, and the scope of validity will be expanded based on the implicit result element of self-intoxication. to the category of causal act. Since the causal act is still a violation of the code of conduct obligations, it is in line with the behavior stipulated in Article 19 of the Criminal Code. In addition, in the future revision of the law, in addition to the two-level behavior structure that stipulates that it should fully reflect the free causal act, the “inapplicable” of the legal effect can be changed to “still be punished according to the crime committed”.