「全面和漸進跨太平洋夥伴關係」美洲會員國的植物品種權制度現況與未來衝擊

The Impact of CPTPP on the Plant Variety Rights Protection in the Member States of America

美國在2017年退出跨太平洋夥伴協定（Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, TPP）1後，由日本取而代之主導的「全面和漸進跨太平洋夥伴關係」（Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnerships, CPTPP）於2018年12月30日正式生效。本文針對CPTPP的美洲會員國，智利、秘魯，及墨西哥，研究其參與CPTPP之進程中，在國際間如何和國際植物新品種保護聯盟銜接，同時在本國法中對於植物新品種保護之立法進程與法規調適。透過審視這些國家政策的調整如何落實在確保本國權益，並謀求與外國企業在跨國市場之公平競爭，分析這些會員國的法規及政策研究成果，將有助於我國積極推動植物新品種保護國際化、農業競爭力全球化，及貿易利益在地化的目標。

After the US withdrew the ?rans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, TPP?? Japan chaired the Agreement and amended it to ?omprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, CPTPP?? which later entered into force in 2018. This paper attempts to examine the impacts on the American Member States, including Peru, Chile and Mexico in term of plant variety right protection. Particular attentions will be paid to look at the interactions between these member parties and the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Also, the affiliated binding treaties will be reviewed and commented. It is in a hope to apply lessons learned from these countries to help amend the domestic regulatory framework in Taiwan while the agriculture IP authority is promoting international competitiveness, maximizing local profit and internationalization of plant variety protection.