新冠肺炎用藥策略及疫苗現況

COVID-19 Medication Strategies and Current Vaccination Status in Taiwan

新型冠狀病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的疾病稱為嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎(COVID-19)，感染者的病況可以是無症狀或輕症感染，也可能發展為重症甚至死亡。目前藥物的治療策略係根據病情嚴重度，包含僅有症狀、產生肺炎、需要氧氣治療或非侵襲性正壓呼吸器、呼吸衰竭需要插管等有不同的用藥選擇。藥物種類可分為抗病毒藥物、單株抗體藥物及抗發炎藥物等，抗病毒藥物及單株抗體藥物可減少病毒量及病毒在體內的複製，抗發炎藥物可減低身體因病毒感染產生的發炎反應及細胞激素風暴。我國現行施打之新冠疫苗包含腺病毒載體疫苗、mRNA疫苗及蛋白質次單位疫苗等，即使完整接種2劑基礎劑疫苗，其保護力仍會隨著時間減弱，而接受第3劑加強劑疫苗注射，能有效預防Omicron變異株或Delta變異株感染或重症機率。

 

The disease caused by infection of SARS-CoV-2 is called COVID-19. The conditions of the infected patients may be asymptomatic, exhibit mild symptoms, develop severe symptoms, or die of it. Current medication treatment strategies are carried out depending on the severity of the disease. Different medication options are needed for patients with mild symptoms, pneumonia, need of oxygen therapy or noninvasive positive pressure ventilators, or respiratory failure that necessitates intubation. These options include antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, and antiinflammatory drugs. Antiviral drugs and monoclonal antibodies help reduce the virus burden and inhibit virus replication in vivo. Antiinflammatory drugs help reduce the virus-induced inflammation and cytokine storm because of infection. In Taiwan, COVID-19 vaccines including adenovirus vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and protein subunit vaccines have been administered. Even for individuals who have completed the 2-dose primary series, the protection wears off over time. Receiving the third (booster) dose of vaccine can effectively prevent the infection by the Omicron or Delta variants or the development of critical illness.