老人靈性健康的阻力與助力分析：成功老化觀點   全文下載

Enhancing and Inhibiting Factors to the Elders' Spiritual Health: A Succesful Aging Perspective

本研究探討老人靈性健康的阻力與助力，採質性研究取向，總共深度訪談13位60歲以上高齡者，其平均年齡72歲。成功老化理論重視個體身體、心智、心理及社會層面，對於靈性面向討論較少。因此本研究在成功老化理論的基礎上增加靈性健康的觀點，包括從自己、他人、自然及超越者四方面探討高齡者的內心世界及生命意義。本研究綜合歸納，分析高齡者在生理、心理、社會及靈性四個層次上靈性健康的阻力及助力，發現高齡者的靈性健康超越物質層面，回歸自我內在精神世界，擁有平安就是福的喜悅。靈性健康是一種動態、整合成長的過程。透過生命的歷練和整合，讓高齡者朝向更正面、更有意義的生活。本研究歸納老人靈性健康的阻力有三，包括：一、無所事事，生命沒有方向；二、生病恐慌，心靈空虛孤獨；三、憂慮牽掛，身心靈難調和。而老人靈性健康的助力有四，包括：一、樂觀進取，靈性健康良樂；二、多元興趣，促進心靈愉悅；三、服務利他，感恩知足惜福；四、縮小自己，隨緣活在當下。

The purpose of this study was to discuss the critical factors contributing to the elders' spiritual health. Spirituality has become more important as people become elderly. Thirteen elderly were interviewed to understand how they fostered their spiritual health and the obstruction and strength of it. Successful aging theory emphasized the physical, mental, social health dimensions, but was lack of the discussion of spirituality. Therefore, this study adds the points of view of spiritual health, explores the inner world, purpose and meaning in life of elderly. Though the condition of spiritual health is not always stable, it is achieved through a dynamic and integrative growth process. The elderly can change and integrate life's significances and life events, which leads to a realization of the ultimate purpose and meaning of life.