在都市近代化改造的進程中，政府利用都市計畫建構都市軸線是改造城市的重要手段之一。日治時期總督府借鏡西方先進國家城市改革的經驗，以都市計畫勾勒臺南市的新架構，並建設新的都市軸線為傳統城市注入新發展動能。以往的研究在分析日治時期都市發展架構時，並未特別探討都市軸線的變遷問題，多側重於都市交通路網的面向處理。本研究以臺南市舊、新軸線內涵之分析為基礎，探討日治時期總督府以鐵路、公路及運河水路三路串聯的新軸線，取代晚清時期臺南舊商業軸線的策略，並揭露其目的除可契合日本西化維新的國家政策外，更可藉此展現總督府的治理能力與殖民統治的正當性。研究發現臺南市新都市軸線是日人引進西方近代都市設計手法的關鍵考量，對後續都市的建設與景觀管制具相當的啟示性。

In the process of urban transformation, constructing the urban axis through urban planning is one of the important features for the government to transform a city. During the Japanese colonial period, the Office of the Governor-General modeled the experience of urban reform in western advanced countries, outlined the new structure of Tainan City with urban plans, and built a new urban axis to infused development momentum into the traditional city. Previous studies often dealt with the urban transportation network rather than the changes of the urban axis when analyzed the urban development during the Japanese rule. Based on an analysis of the implications of the old and new axes in Tainan City, this study explores the strategy of replacing Tainan’s old commercial axis with a new urban axis by a series of railways, highways, and waterways during the Japanese colonial period. It was also based on the goals related to Japan’s modernized urban transformation policies, which demonstrate the governing ability of the Office of the Governor-General and the legitimacy of colonial rule. This study found that Tainan’s new urban axis is a key consideration to introduce a modern Western urban design technique in Tainan, which has considerable enlightenment for subsequent urban construction and landscape control.